356 Report on the Agriculture of Denmark, with a Note on 
80 acres) would keep 4 or 5 cows for household purposes, and 
would winter about 20 two-year-olds. Descending in the scale 
another step, we come to the small peasant-farmers, who keep 
their one, two, or three cows, according to the extent of their 
holding, and who rear their bull-calves and sell them as 
yearlings to the class above them. Of late years, the most 
advanced proprietor-farmers have turned their attention more to 
the breeding of steers ; but as a general rule they still depend 
almost entirely upon the system of stepping-stones just described. 
Mr. Stradel's farm of Ullerup, in Mors, presents a typical 
example of the prevailing system under good management. It 
consists of a little more than 800 acres of land, of which three- 
fourths are under the plough, and one-fourth meadow. The 
course is (1) Fallow ; (2) Rye ; (3) one-third Barley, one-third 
Buckwheat, and one-third Vetches ; (4 and 5) Oats ; (6) Seeds 
mown ; (7, 8, and 9) Seeds fed. The stock consists of 30 cows, 
24 young cattle, and 110 oxen ; also 60 ewes, 120 other sheep, 
and 16 horses. The oxen are bought in the autumn at about 
3^ years old from smaller farmers at about 9/. or 10/. per head. 
The best of them are sold in the spring for exportation to Eng- 
land or Scotland, and the remainder go to be finished off in the 
Schleswig marshes. The prices obtained generally range from 
17/. to 20/. per head. The whole of the oxen bought in the 
autumn are thus disposed of in the following spring, and others 
are bought to replace them in the succeeding autumn. The 
bull-calves dropped by the 30 cows are kept ; but the heifers, 
except a few kept to replace cast-cows, are either killed soon 
after birth, or sold to peasants, who buy them because they 
are better bred than their own. 
The cattle generally kept belong to the Jutland breed, of 
which there are said to be two distinct strains, one known a& 
the " milking-race " and the other as the " meat-race." The 
latter, however, is the more important, the superiority of the 
Angeln breed as milkers having caused the displacement of 
Jutland cattle for dairy purposes. The following cut (Fig. 11) 
of a Jutland bull of the meat-race is from a photograph which 
has been kindly lent me by Mr. Tesdorpf. 
M. Tisserand describes the Jutland cattle in the following 
terms :* — 
" The animals of tins breed, which is much diffused throughout Jutland and 
a part of Schleswig, are intermediate between the Breton cattle of Illc-et- 
Vilaine, and the cattle typical of the Dutch breed, both in their contour and 
height. Their colour is black or red, with spots of white, and occasionally the 
ground colour is brown (aife-mi-lait) ; but they arc never entirely black nor 
completely red. Their legs may be regarded as too coarse, but they do not 
fail either in breadth or brisket. They are much more adapted to the pro- 
* Op. cit., pp. 139 and 140. 
