390 
Roads and Highicays : their History, 
and the number of turnpike-trusts has diminished from 1116^ 
to 712. 
From the returns made annually to Parliament, the cost of the 
roads in England and Wales during the year 1873, the last return 
published, was as follows :- — ■ 
Highways. 
Districts. 
Turnpikes.- 
£ 
£ 
£ 
2237oiO 
279,590 
188,230 
109,601 
117,345 
58,177 
222,306 
203,730 
109,883- 
39,956 
25,789 
19,964 
Salaries, Management, Law charges, &c. 
22,648 
07,077 
57,156 
8,549 
20,387 
Eepaiis of roads formerly turnpikes 
120,501 
24,598 
10,670 
5,197 
207,372 
28,077 
16,461 
19,646 
654,147 
891,675 
671,098 
making the total annual cost of the roads two and a quarter 
millions of money. The length of the highways and turnpikes 
not being given, and the expenditure on the districts being 
mixed up with the turnpikes under their care, the mileage of 
which is also not given, it is impossible to compare the re- 
lative cost of each kind of management ; but from a return 
made in 1866, it appears that the cost per mile of the several 
items of expenditure on 52,748 miles of highways then formed 
into districts was as follows : — 
£ s. d. £ s. (I. 
Manual labour 5 0 ?» 
Teamwork 2 4 0 
Materials 3 4 (3 
Tradesmen ..■ Oil 6 
11 0 3 
Salaries 130 , 
Turnpike contributions 048 
Sundries 0 4 4 
1 12 0 
Total per mile £-12 12 3 
The relative percentage of the principal items of expenditure 
as compared with tlie totals, from the 1866 returns, after esti- 
