Half-a-dozen English Seicage Farms. 411 
lYear. 
Cost and Troduce of the Sewage Tanks at Cheltenham. 
Wages. 
Bills. 
Total Costs. 
Receipts for 
Manure. 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
£ s. d. 
228 17 5 
185 14 5 
183 14 0 
202 10 G 
233 6 9 
219 9 3 
£ s. d. 
188 12 9 
107 18 7 
95 16 3 
34 19 2 
44 14 5 
44 12 7 
£ li. d. 
417 10 2 
293 13 0 
279 10 3 
237 9 8 
278 1 2 
294 1 10 
£ s. d. 
328 2 6 
333 1 0 
390 1 0 
293 7 4 
271 16 0 
347 5 0 
Total .. 
1283 12 4 
51G 13 9 
1800 6 1 
1963 12 10 
conveniently be brought — an average quantity of sewage, some- 
what exceeding 1,000,000 gallons daily, passes through sewers, 
respectively 18 inches and 15 inches in diameter, to their junction 
on the farm, at a point commanding the area to be irrigated. 
From this point the farm — almost wholly permanent pasture- 
land of fair quality, arranged in eight irregularly shaped fields, 
which are full of hedgerow timber, and from 6 to 2G acres apiece 
in extent — 127 acres of available surface altogether — slopes 
in several directions : and the sewage is conducted in the simplest 
way in open grips or channels, cut contour-wise along the head and 
occasionally across the middle of the several fields, and feeding 
furrows along the ridges in which the whole surface of the land 
has from time immemorial lain. The fields have been drained 
3 and 4 feet deep ; and, partly in open ditches (reaching them 
from the surface), but for the most part through these drains, the 
effluent water finds its way to the lowest part of the farm, and 
thence into the natural water-course, the Chelt, in which most 
of the sewage of Cheltenham formerly ran. A portion of the 
sewage is used on its way to the farm ; an increasing number 
of farm-tenants, whose land lies below the level of the main 
sewer, being glad to pay the charge of 7s. 6(/. per acre for 
each irrigation. In this way 180 acres in 1874, and 200 acres 
in 1875, were fertilised, and contributed to the returns. The 
annual cost and returns of the farm are given in the Table on 
the following page. 
In addition to the expenses enumerated above, there is the 
charge for rent. The land was bought for 10,500/., on which 
3 per cent., or 315Z. a year, would probably be a full rent for the 
131 acres, and this rent, added to these costs, leaves a consider- 
able margin for farm-profit, Avhich, however, is taken as a con- 
tribution toAvards the burden resting on the town for the repay- 
ment of the capital which has been borrowed for the purpose 
of making the land available. The whole sum borrowed was 
