Half-a-dozcn English Sewage Farms. 415 
pipes, which are provided with frequent sluice and penstock 
arrangements — so that the contents of the pipe, stopped in their 
llow, can be delivered at a number of points in every field into 
contour carriers, made by plough and spade. From these 
carriers, lipping over the edge of each along a certain length of 
its course to which it is limited by the irrigator, the sewage flows 
down the sloping surface to the similar carrier below, sinking 
gradually meanwhile to the subsoil drain. The annual charge 
created by the cost of these irrigation works, including carriers, 
sometimes embanked, and sometimes lifted upon timber framing, 
so as to command the higher levels, is, of course, a considerable 
addition to the 450/. of annual sewage-rent ; and adding to 
these items the amount of an ordinary agricultural rent of the 
land, Lord Warwick's Heathcote Farm of 375 acres has to pay 
a large annual rent before, as tenant, his Lordship can claim 
any balance of receipts over expenditure as the return of the 
farming-capital which he has here employed. There may, 
indeed, be deducted from the sewage-rental paid to Leamington 
some receipts for sewage sold to neighbouring farmers. Thus, 
of the 1,452,927 tons actually delivered from the Leamington 
pumping-station in 1875, there were no less than 205,628 tons 
delivered on neighbouring lands, where, distributed by a rough 
system of furrows ploughed out of the surface, it so far increases 
the yield of grass that the tenant readily pays 20s. to 30s. an 
acre for it. The receipts from this source amounted to 46?, 
last year ; and we ought, on this account, to reduce the sewage- 
rent of 450/. a-year to 400/. ; but there is still a heavy annual 
charge upon the land, in addition to the agricultural rent of 
44s. per acre which the farm has to bear, and which, by its 
increased fertility, it must more than yield before it can be 
declared an agricultural success. Whether or not Lord Warwick 
has realised from the Heathcote Farm a return in accordance 
with this additional rent, corresponding with what might have 
been obtained from the farm well-managed and equipped in 
ordinary agriculture, paying an ordinary agricultural rent, I 
am unable to say ; but any one who spends a day upon the 
farm, as I have often done, can see that in the hands of Mr. David 
Tough, and under the general direction of Captain Fosbery, Lord 
Warwick's agent, it is admirably productive — full of produce, 
and apparently full of profit. 
There were on Heathcote Farm last September, when I last 
visited it, 40 cows in-milk or in-calf, 7 in-calf heifers, 24 heifers 
and bullocks rising 3 years old, 35 yearlings, and 25 calves. 
There were 4 sows and their produce in the yard ; and there 
was a flock of 180 ewes, and upwards of 200 lambs — their pro- 
duce — which are sold annually fat as shearlings. Thirteen cart- 
