On Thoroii gh-D raining . 
49 
The three distances of 44, 33, and '22 feet, costina; now only 
30a'., 40s., and GO.^'. respectively, will o^enerally be found sufficient 
in practice. The only case in which the stiffness of the land 
might require p.n expenditure of already points out that tiles 
may not be the proper material upon such land, and that we ought 
to have recourse to the tried practice of Suffolk and filssex, so well 
described by Mr. Hill, which again brings our outlay to a prac- 
ticable standard. 
COST OF EARTH-DRAINING ONE ACRE: 
Distance 
between Drains, 
in Feet. 
Length of 
Drains in 
Furlongs. 
Cost of 
Labour. 
Cost of Stubble, 
he. 
if required. 
Total Cost. 
£. s. d. 
£. s. d. 
£. s. d. 
22 
3 
1 4 0 
0 6 0 
1 10 0 
16^ 
4 
I 12 0 
0 10 0 
2 2 0 
11 
6 
2 8 0 
0 15 0 
3 3 0 
It remains only for the owners, as well as occupiers, of land to 
practise the means of improvement which have lieen put in their 
bands. There is little doubt that the next winter will bring \vith 
it much want of employment for country labourers; but this evil 
may be remedied by landlords who will employ, in the lasting 
improvement of their own properties, those who stand unwillingly 
idle, only it is necessary that their stewards should exert them- 
selves now and make preparations in time. For heavy clays I 
should engage a foreman from Essex or Suffolk well acquainted 
with the practice of land-ditching ; for more loamy soils a tile- 
machine should be procured, in order that the tiles may at once 
be got ready for the season when they will be required. 
V. — On the Drill Husbandry of Ttirnips. — Prize Essay. By 
Barugh Almack, late of Bishop-Burton, Yorkshire. 
The great importance of the turnip crop is now generally 
admitted, not merely as food for our flocks, but as the best 
groundwork hitherto discovered for the improvement of such 
soils as are calculated for its growth. He therefore who can add 
the smallest mite to the general stock of information regarding 
the cultivation of turnips is, in my opinion, bound to come for- 
ward and let others have the benefit of it. 
The following observations are founded on several years of ex- 
tensive practice on real turnip soil, on the wolds of the East 
Riding of Yorkshire ; and where my remarks seem general, they 
VOL. IV. ' E 
