On Breaking-vp Down Lcuitl. 
87 
having farmed Saxby Wold Farm, conjointly with my father, from 
1812 to 183(), where we never wintered so few as a hundred 
beasts. 
Nothing could exceed the extreme poverty of tlie light wold 
land of this farm when originally taken by us. The first round 
of 60 bushels per acre of rough bones had but little effect : 3 
quarters of barley per acre was the miserable produce^ even after 
a good crop of turnips, fed on the land. 
A regular supply of plenty of well-made farm-yard dung, in 
addition to bones and chalking, made the lightest of the land, by 
adhering to the five-course system recommended in the foregoing 
remarks, cheaper at 30*. per acre (the rent in 1836) than it was at 
\Qs. per acre (the rent iu 1812). 
The same success, in a greater or less degree, has attended the 
adoption of this mode of cultivation throughout various larcjc dis- 
tricts in Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and Yorkshire. To cut 
corn and straw together into chaff, unless the price of corn be 
high, will be found equally beneficial for sheep. Although the 
turnip crop ought to be good enough to leave sufficient dung from 
the sheep feeding off it, without requiring the addition of any 
other food to enrich the land, yet the advantage is great if sub- 
stituting the cut corn and straw enables the farmer to draw turnips 
for the cattle in the fold-yards ; for instance, 1 lb. per day of cut 
corn and straw, at ^d. per lb. or 21. 6s. 8d. per ton, for each sheep 
on turnips, will be but 3*. 6cZ. from Michaelmas to Lady-day, for 
which the sheep will leave a profit, the market price of the corn 
M ill be obtained at home at less expense than by threshing and 
sending to market, and a large supply of excellent manure will be 
procured for nothing. It is well known that hay is dear food for 
sheep, and the manure from it inferior. To mow the first year's 
seeds deprives the farmer of an opportunity of consuming it when 
it would yield a profit and enrich the land : when converted into 
hay it exhausts the land, lessens very considerably the quantity of 
food, and deteriorates the quality in a very great degree. To 
keep the greatest quantity of stock pmfitabiy, both winter and 
summer, should be the first object of every occupier of light land. 
Additional corn crops may make a greater return for a short 
period, but eventually will not reach the average profit of the 
system of cultivation which I have recommended ; while to im- 
prove the condition of such land by such means would be in direct 
opposition to established facts. 
I am not, however, an advocate for a multiplicity of green crops 
in the same year ; they cannot be procured so cheap, or benefit 
the land so much, as a regular winter fallow for turnips, mangold- 
wurzel, or cabbages, if the land be indeed good enough for the 
two latter. For example, rye costs 15s. per acre for seed alone, 
