104 
Observodons on the various Insects 
and another beyond the middle ; on the disc are two spots, one 
oval, the other car-shaped, with the centre more or less black, and 
towards the aj)cx and close to the costa are two black spots ; with 
the exception of these spots and the divrk ear, the markings often 
vanish as in the specimen figured ; the inferior wings are ample, 
and of an orange-colour with a blackish border, not reaching the 
margin, the edges being waved, broadest above, and narrowed 
towards the anal angle ; body depressed, fulvous-orange, deepest 
at the apex, which is broadest in the males : legs six, long and 
dark rusty-ljrown ; first pair of shanks short, with an internal spine ; 
intermediate, with a longish pair of unequal spurs at the apex ; 
hinder, long with similar spurs at the apex, and another pair near 
the middle, all spotted with ochre ; feet long, five-jointed, and 
rough beneath, with rows of short bristles ; claws minute, with a 
tooth on the Inside : length upwards of an inch ; wings expanding 
nearly 2^ inches. There is also a variety with the fore-part of the 
thorax, the upper side of the feelers, and the costa of the superior 
wings, as far as the middle, of a paler colour than the other por- 
tions of those parts ; this variety has been named by the German 
naturalists, Triphana innuha. 
This large and beautiful moth is very abundant in most seasons 
during hay-making, viz., from the beginning of June to the 
middle of July, in fields, gardens, and hedges. On turning over 
the cut hay in the morning, I have seen multitudes which had 
sheltered there, spring up and fly a few yards, when they gene- 
rally dropped down and again secreted themselves amongst the 
grass. I believe they are found throughout Europe, and Mr. 
Lyell observed one on Mont Blanc, the 7th of July, 1818, above 
the height of perpetual snow, which proves how well even the 
moth can resist a low temperature. 
I have frequently received the caterpillars of this moth with 
other Surface-grubs, and in November, 1841, the Rev. C. Clarke, 
of Henstead, in Suffolk, sent me several, which he found with 
others of A. exclamationis (fig. 7) at the roots of the turnips; 
from which it is evident that they either feed upon the bulbs or 
the leaves, perhaps upon both, which is rather remarkable, be- 
cause some authors slate that they live upon the roots of grass, 
and this opinion seems to be confirmed by the motlis inhabiting 
hay-fields in such abundance ; on the Continent, however, they 
eat many of the cruciferous plants, especially the Shepherd's 
Purse (TI>Ins],i Bitrsa-pastoris), and they are said to be equally 
fond of the groundsel (Senecio vitJgaris). These larva; conceal 
themselves during the day, and come out to feed at night; they 
are either of a dirty-grren with a cop]^cry tinge, or of a yellowish- 
green variegated on the back and sides with rosy-brown and 
minutely . freckled ; the underside is pale green; the head is 
