affcclhig ihe Ttirnip-Crnps. 
100 
tlioy ."Attain to tlio Ipnjrthof \ \ or nearly 2 inclms, wlion they aro as 
tlii(rk as a small g^oosc-iiiuU. Tho}' arc smooth and shininir, and of 
a pale lurid ochraceous i;olour, lamtly freckled, with a broad space 
down the back often rosy, and a few short hairs scattered over the 
body ; down the centre is a double dark line, with another less 
distinct on each side ; between these are two black dots placed 
obliquely on each sea;mcnt, and likewise three black dots on each 
at the base of the thighs : like the foregoing species they have six 
pectoral, eight abdominal, and two anal feet: the head is horny, 
the mouth and little horns arc rusty, the minute jaws black : the 
eyes are ochreous dotted with black, the internal margin being 
edged with the same colour, forming nearly a x on the face : the 
first thoracic segment is brown divided by three pale lines ; it is 
very horny and shining, which is much less the case in A. excla- 
mationis, and not at all so in another species (fig. 12): when 
disturbed they roll themselves up, but do not remain long before 
they are again in motion (fig. 10). 
On the 7th of June last year, Mr. C. Parsons sent me some of 
these caterpillars from Essex, which were nearly full-grown ; 
they were doing great mischief to the young mangold-wurzel 
plants, the roots of which they ate through just below the crown, 
as shown at fig. 11; they also attacked the potatoes when just 
pushing out of the ground. They were exceedingly voracious, 
and fed freely upon lettuce-leaves which I gave them: they lived 
some time in a garden-pot containing a turnip-root and a potato, 
but eventually died, I believe, for want of more moisture. The 
second week of last August I received a considerable number of 
the same sort from a crop of swedes in Surrey : the field had 
been wheat, was ploughed in the autumn, got ready for turnips, 
and sown all at once at the usual time. In September, 1839, a 
field of swedes at Farnham, in the same county, was entirely de- 
stroyed by these caterpillars, many of which I endeavoured to rear, 
but they all died in the winter: they lived underground, and ate 
large holes in the roots, and came out at night to feed, apparently 
upon the leaves. In August and September, 1835, they were 
exceedingly numerous in Suffolk, and did considerable injury to 
the bulbs of the turnips. In November, 1841, I received a con- 
siderable stock from the Rev. C. Clarke; they were then actively 
engaged in eating large holes in the bulbs, which, being soon 
filled with earth, were thereby rendered very difficult to clean, 
and not so beneficial to stock. At an earlier period of their lives, 
and about the second hoeing in July, their economy was a little 
varied, for they then ate off the whole crown of the plant a little 
below the surface, and separated it from the bulb in a similar way 
to fig. 8. 
These caterpillars will attack the roots of a great variety of 
