122 
Observations o?^ the various Insects 
may perhaps be beneficial."* Mr. Marshall, in allusion to the 
anbury, says that it is a large excrescence produced below the 
apple or bulb ; and when this was just forming, and not larger 
than a green walnut, the anburies were as large as a goose's egg, 
awkward, and irregular in form, with excrescences below, not 
unlike races of ginger, depending from them (figs. 22 and 23). 
After arriving at maturity, they exhibit a putrid fermentation, 
and emit a most offensive scent. When the anburies are divided 
they are hard ; but, with the assistance of a lens, veins or string- 
like vessels may he seen dispersed through the tumour. When 
turnips are affected with this disease, the tops become yellow and 
flag in the heat of the sun, and they are thus readily distinguished. 
He says it has been attributed to the land being too long con- 
tinued under this green crop ; but it is certain the anbury 
appears on land where turnips had never been grown before : he, 
however, considers that it proceeds from the puncture of an in- 
sect in the vessels of the tap-root, by which the course of the sap 
is diverted, and instead of the natural bulb an excrescence is pro- 
duced. He recommends that the diseased plants should be re- 
moved as soon as possible, and the earth stirred about those that 
remain ; and be adds that it may be wholly avoided by well prepar- 
ing and richly manuring lands subject to produce anbury. -f- I have 
heard that a naked fallow is a remedy for it ; but it is well known 
that marl is the great cure, and Norfolk marl is said to be the 
best. On a sandy loam in Suffolk, where anbury constantly made 
its appearance after the second hoeing, the application of chalk 
proved a certain cure, and the gentleman | to whom I am in- 
debted for this information found that if, instead of growing tur- 
nips the fourth year, the crop be changed for four years more, the 
disease was completely eradicated. Teathing the barley-stubble 
which is intended for turnips will cause the anbury : if this be 
avoided, the good effects of marl and chalk will be felt for many 
years. 
Whether wet or dry seasons be most favourable to anbury I 
cannot determine. Farmers are of opinion that the latter are the 
worst; and Mr. Sinclair says that when the disease has taken 
place, if plentiful rains ensue, the bulbs put out other roots, or 
rather small fibres enlarge, to supply the places of those which 
are wounded. § The autumn of 1841 was wet enough, yet in 
Suffolk I found the turnips on a part of the coast suffering 
severely from anbury the beginning of November. There were 
in one field four different sorts of turnips growing : the long- 
* Practical Agric, vol. ii. p. 6G6. 
t Rural Economy of Noi lblk, vol. ii. p. 33. 
J Mr. J. Robinson of Henstead, Suffolk. 
§ Memoirs of Caledonian Horticultural Society. 
