■ 
uffecVmcj ihc Ti(rnip-Cro2)s. 133 
Summary of the foregoing Report. 
Surface-grubs, in 1818, 182G, 1827, and 183G, wore very nu- 
merous anil destructive to turnip-crops ; so much so, that prizes 
were offered for the history of these caterpillars, and the remedies 
for their destruction. 
The Cabbage-moth flies by night in May, June, and July : the 
female lays her eggs upon the leaves of cabbages, turnips, &c. 
The caterpillars are universal feeders, living upon an astonish- 
ing variety of plants, during July, August, September, and Octo- 
ber : the garden suffers most from their attacks, and cabbages 
have their hearts quite riddled and defiled by them. 
They sometimes live through mild 7r inters, concealed either 
amongst rubbish on the surface or buried in the earth, where they 
change to chrysalides. 
The most effectual remedy is to search for them at night, when 
they come out to feed, and to look carefully beneath the leaves 
by day. 
The great yellow-vnderwing moth is abundant in hay-fields, 
hedges, and gardens, in June and July : it is the parent of a large 
surface-grub, which feeds upon the roots and leaves of turnips in 
the autumn: it lives through the winter, sometimes vmder the turf 
in meadows, &c., and can resist frost. In April it changes to a 
large brown chrysalis, in the soil, enclosed in an earthen case. 
In a bed of onions, which this caterpillar had destroyed, 47 
were found in an area of less than 25 feet. 
The heart and dart moth is found plentifully in June, in fields, 
gardens, &c. : it is the parent of a most pernicious surface-grub, 
which destroys immense quantities of turnips, at every stage, 
either by separating the crown from the root, or by eating into 
the more matured bulb. 
The surface- cater jjillar attacked the sivedes in August : it was 
abundant in November, and no doubt lived through the winter. 
The common dart-moth flies in multitudes in June and July, 
and is supposed to lay its eggs in the earth, which produce 
surface-caterpillars more destructive, if possible, than any of the 
others. 
The eggs hatch in autumn, and the surface-grubs live through 
the winter : they are either feeding a long period, or there are 
two broods annually. 
Man gold-wurzel had the young roots eaten through by them in 
June : they also attacked the potato-shoots. 
Abundant in August, 1841, at the roots of swedes, in Surrey; 
and in nmltitudes at Farnham in September, 1830. During the 
same months they abounded in Suffolk, in 1835, and were equally 
numerous there in November, 1841. 
