affeciing the Tvniip-Crops. 
135 
Dri/ soot, spread an inch thick, and dug in, is said never to 
fail. Cul)l)agc-Y>\'Mi{s may be preserved by laying some round 
the stems. 
Lime also, employed in the same way, is a protection; and if 
(puck-lime were dusted over the turnips, after rain in the evening, 
it would destroy the surface-grubs. 
Poiiltr?/ and ducks would be serviceable, if turned Into the field 
when ploxifrlwig. 
In gardens, planting cabbages, Sec, round a seed-bed is a good 
decoy : the roots may be daily searched, and the larvae destroyed. 
When a plant dies, dig it up immediately, and the larvsc will 
be found. 
Soap and imter poured round the plants will compel the sur- 
face-grubs to come out of their ])urrows, when they must be di- 
rectly picked up. 
Pigs, perhaps, may be employed late in the year, where the 
surface-grubs are swarming, and ten or twelve round one bulb. 
No oiitti-ard applications will affect the chrysalides, which lie 
entombed in the earth. 
Fires at night, to attract the moths, of little service, as the 
females are not caught by such means. 
As regards corn-crops, late solving would prove the best ; and 
June and July the most improper for turnips, where the surface- 
caterpillars are numerous. 
Spring-corn most likely to suffer from their attacks. 
Soils made strong and ivarm by horse-dung manure most in- 
fested, from the eggs hatching more rapidly. 
Steeping the seeds in bitter extracts mixed with salt or nitrates 
useless ; but ammonia would annoy the surface-grubs, if applied 
in sufficient quantity to the soil ; and liquid manure would there- 
fore be beneficial. 
Slaked lime mixed with seed-wheat, and then heated and sown 
together, has been recommended. 
Scattering ashes before and after sowing might secure the 
crops. 
Sticking inverted young fir-trees in the fields protects crops, 
it is said in Sweden, from seed-eating caterpillars. 
Hemp, sown round a field, will attract small birds, which will 
also feed upon the insects. 
No ])arasitic insects hitherto detected to check the increase of 
the surface-caterpillars. 
Directions for rearing surface-caterpillars, and breeding the 
moths from them. 
The turnip-gall weevil is produced from the excrescences on 
turnip-bulbs. 
These galls contain from one to four maggots, which feed upon 
