affecting ihc Turnip Cropfi. 
137 
and a fourth I bred from other maggots, which had injured the 
}oung ho ni'p-roots. 
Thoj are exceedingly mischicvova, as they will feed upon a 
great variety of roots ; and inhabit dung in thousands. 
They changed to a fly, called the root-enting fly. 
A very useful parasitic fy lives upon these maggots. 
Dipping the roots in oil or ley of ashes will preserve cabbages 
from the maggots. 
As soon as jjlants droop, pull them up and burn them; and 
then pour brine or ley of ashes into the holes, and it will kill all 
that remain. 
The pupcB may be collected from the roots, in gardens at least, 
with great advantage. 
A dressing of lime and salt would kill the maggots, but it will 
not prevent turnip-galls from appearing. 
The lime and salt should be mixed with the soil previously to 
sowing the seed, as they otherwise retard vegetation. 
Soap-boiler s waste, and other alkalies, incorporated with the 
soil, will kill the maggots. 
Soapsuds and gas-water, or ^«s-^ar, will keep the flies from 
depositing eggs. 
Refuse of charcoal, scuffled into the soil, prevented the same 
disease in onions, and the clubbing of cabbages, <Scc. 
Hooks, sea-gulls, magpies, partridges, &c., most useful in se- 
curing crops from the attacks of insects. 
Raiv-dung, especially horse-dung, encourages the maggots, and 
should therefore never be spread in that state, not even in small 
quantities. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
Fig. 1. Nociua Brassicce, the cabbage-moth. 
Fig. 2. Caterpillar of the same. 
Fig. 3. Ditto, a green variety. 
Fig. 4. Nociua pronuba, the great yellow undcrwing moth. 
Fig. 5. Caterpillar of ditto. 
Fig. 6. Nociua exclamalionis, the heart and dart moth at rest. 
Fig. 1. Caterpillar of ditto. 
Fig. 8. A turnip-crown with the root eaten off. 
Fig. 9. Nociua Segetum, the common dart-moth at rest. 
Fig. 10. Caterpillar of ditto. 
Fig. 11. A young mangel-wurzel plant with the root eaten through by 
the last surface-caterpillar. 
a The base of the root. 
h The terminal portion. 
Fig. 12. A caterpillar, or surface-grub: the moth it would change to 
not ascertained. 
