Slalcmcnt of Crojipin;/ in Scotland. 
195 
III. Liijhl Samlt/ Land. 
1 . Oats after greiss. 
2. Turnips: the whole to be eaten on the ground with shce|). 
3. Part oats and jjart barley. 
4. Grass : all pastured. 
5. Grass : do. 
6. Grass : do. 
The same remarks ap})ly in this case as to No. II. 
IV. Kick Clay. 
1 . Oats after grass. 
2. Beans, drilled and hoecl. 
3. Wlieat : properly manured. 
4. Turnips : all carted off. 
5. Barley. 
(i. Grass : a part cut for hay. 
7. Grass : all pastured. 
As this kind of land is too wet to permit the turnips being eaten on the 
ground with sheep, they must be all carted off, which is very injurious 
to the soil ; but this cannot be avoided until furrow-draining be more 
extensively practised. 
V. Hard Claxj. 
1. Oats after grass. 
2. Bare fallow, properly manured. 
3. Winter wheat. 
4. Grass : a part cut for hay, and the remainder pastured. 
5. Grass : all pastured. 
Turnips and beans have been attempted on this kind of land, instead 
of bare fallow, but only succeeded in favourable seasons ; and it is be- 
lieved that in the long run bare fallow will be found to be best. I may, 
however, remark, that of late years broad clover has failed to a great 
extent ; and it has been found that varying the rotation has had a good 
effect. Indeed an occasional change is beneficial in all rotations, and on 
every kind of soil. 
In all the difierent systems, a few potatoes must be planted on the 
turnip or fallow breaks for the farmer and his servants. 
In carting off turnips for cattle, great care should be taken not to go 
upon the ground in wet weather ; and this can easily be avoided by storing 
a considerable quantity when it is dry; indeed I would recommend that 
the whole of the Swedish turnips should be taken up and stored about 
the end of November. I have long been in the practice of doing so to 
a considerable extent, and have always found them much better in the 
spring than when allowed to remain all winter in the ground. Various 
plans have been adopted for storing, but, as far as my experience goes, I 
have found the best way to be to take off the shaws and roots, taking 
care not to injure the turnip, and then lay them in long heaps, about 
T or 8 feet wide at the bottom, and as narrow as possible at the top, 
and afterwards cover them with straw, so as to keep out the frost ; they 
