Dimmark, Sweden, and liussia. 
203 
to be conveniently situated for the purpose within the several 
])rovinces. 
The first school was established by Mr. Nonnen at Dea;eberjj, 
on the south-eastern shores of the Lake Wener, not far from the 
town of Lidkoping, and its success, both in attracting pupils and in 
imparting obviously useful information, has been such as to give 
rise to the numerous efforts, already alluded to, for the establish- 
ment of similar schools in other parts of the country. It includes 
two classes of pupils, one consisting of proprietors, sons of pro- 
prietors, or such as are likely to farm or to superintend larger 
tracts of land ; another, of intended overseers, or of small proprie- 
tors who, though possessing land of their own, must till it, in part 
at least, with their own hands. To the former class higher 
branches of learning are taught ; to the latter, special instruction 
is given in those various departments of handicraft which, in a 
country so thinly peopled, are likely to be useful to the labouring 
farmer. In the present state of Sweden this distinction of the 
pupils into classes is of obvious utility, and is copied most pro- 
bably from the Swiss schools of De Fellenberg; it may be a 
question with some how far it would be admissible in any schools 
of the kind which may hereafter be established in our own islands. 
The total annual expense of a pupil of the higher class in the 
Degeberg school amounts to 30^. or 40/., equal, I should think, to 
twice the sum in England ; I am not aware of the amount of ex- 
penses incurred by pupils of the second class. This Degeberg 
school is indebted for its existence almost solely to the exertions 
of its director, Mr. Nonnen. It has been aided from time to time 
by grants from government, free pupils have all along been main- 
tained at it both by government and by the provincial societies, 
and it is regarded as the model upon which all the others are to be 
constituted. A school-farm is attached to it, on which new in- 
struments and new modes of culture are tried. Among others 
the growth of turnips, and other green crops hitherto almost un- 
known in Sweden, has been successfully attempted. The sheep 
in Sweden are in winter fed much upon potatoes, but in various 
provinces trials are now making on the growth both of turnips 
and of clover. 
An agricultural school has already been some years in opera- 
tion for the united provinces of Christianstad and Malmo in the 
south of Sweden ; one farther north, for the province of Niikoping, 
is under the direction of Mr. Nathiirst, the secretary of the 
Academy of Agriculture ; and others are more or less advanced. 
To the Agricultural Society at Upsala the state has been very 
liberal. At the last parliament it was decided that the royal 
domain of Ultuna in the neighbourhood of Upsala should be 
made over to this society for the establishment of an agricultural 
