230 
The Ajyplications of Physiology 
Water. Organic Matter. Ashes. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
100 lbs. 
of peas 
contain 
16 
80i 
3i 
)> 
beans 
5> 
14 
82i 
3^ 
»> 
lentils 
5> 
16 
81 
3 
)) 
oats 
55 
IS 
79 
3 
» 
oatmeal 
55 
9 
89 
2 
barleymeal 
55 
15^ 
821 
2 
» 
hay 
55 
16 
76i 
71 
J» 
wheat-straw 
55 
18 
79 
3 
)5 
turnips 
55 
89 
10 
1 
J» 
swerlish turnips 
55 
85 
14 
1 
>> 
mangold-wurzel 
55 
89 
10 
1 
white carrot 
55 
87 
12 
1 
)J 
potatoes 
'5 
12 
27 
1 
J> 
red-beet 
55 
89 
10 
1 
J> 
linseed-cake 
55 
17 
751 
74 
U 
bran 
55 
14 
81 
5 
In estimating the equivalent value of various kinds of food, we 
must take into calculation the amount of water contained in them. 
Mr. Rham states* that 100 lbs. of hay are equal to 339 lbs. of 
mangold-wurzel; but in 100 lbs, of ordinary hay there are con- 
tained only 76 lbs. of dry hay, and in 100 lbs. of mangold-wurzel 
only 10 lbs. of that root. So in reality we find that 34 lbs. of 
dry mangold-wurzel equal 76 lbs. of hay. Thus the equivalents 
become completely reversed, and dry mangold-wurzel is seen to 
possess considerably more than double the equivalent of dry hay. 
It may often be a c^uestion of practical importance, whether it 
might be advisable in cold weather to mix with the roots, upon 
which oxen or sheep are fed, a certain quantity of some other 
food containing a less proportion of water. 
To illustrate our meaning, we will take the case of an ox fed 
upon mangold-wurzel, as described by Earl Spencer, j- The ox 
consumed between the 24th of December and 23rd of January, 
1848 lbs. of mangold-wurzel, or in round numbers, 60 lbs. daily.;}; 
By reference to the preceding table, it will be seen that the ox in 
this quantity received 53g lbs. of water and only 6^ lbs. of dry 
mangold-wurzel. Let us assume that, during the above cold 
months, the average temperature of the air was 32°. In this case 
the 53 lbs. of water taken in the food had to be raised to the 
temperature of the animal (98°). To effect this, 2 oz. of carbon, 
or of the whole quantity contained in the food, are necessary to 
roots. The table is of use in showing us what we remove from our land. 
Thus suppose we cart from 3 acres 100 tons of turnips, we actually remove 
89 tons of water, 1 ton of mineral matter, and only 10 tons of dry turnips. 
* Journal, vol. iii. p. 79. 
i- Journal, vol. ii. p. 297. 
% 60 lbs. ordinary mangold-wurzel contain 45 ounces of carbon. 
