Report on Drain- Tiles and Drainaye. 
371 
cost him 20/. in London. This machine is represented as capable 
of producing a thousand tiles and as many soles or covei's per 
hour ; but it may, perhaps, be advisable to consider its average 
work in a season at 8000 per day. The hands employed are one 
man to fill the mill ; two boys to cut off the pipes and place 
them on barrows ; one man and a boy to wheel away and set 
them to dry on frames (provincially termed hakes), covered with 
clotli, supported on iron standards. To fill the kiln, burn, and 
draw the tiles, two men, a boy, and a burner are required ; the 
kiln holding 36,000. The selling, price for the current year of 
the two sizes most used in the neighbourhood is stated in the 
Table, as given to the writer by some of the consumers. Coals 
about 20s. per ton. Mr. Etheredge contemplates the being 
able to reduce this price by fixing fifteen dies in a mill instead 
of eight, and by economising several items of cost indicated 
by his experience of this first mill. Much ingenuity has been 
exercised in the construction of the mill and dies. Two tiles 
and two soles or covers are comprised in each pipe extruded 
from the machine, which being nearly severed within in four ver- 
tical lines whilst passing through the die, breaks by the shrinkage 
consequent on drying into four parts. The form, dimensions, and 
substance of the tile may be varied from the perfect hollow 
cylinder, to the oval, horse -shoe, angular, or any other desirable 
figure. The price of the mill with eight dies is 43/., and propor- 
tionally less or greater, for smaller or larger machines. The 
patentee states that the cost of an establishment will vary from 
150/. to 350/., according to the number of tiles required to be 
made during a season. 
The Rev. Edward Timson, of the Woodlands, near South- 
ampton, who has purchased and used a large number, speaks 
highly of the efficacy and stability of these tiles and covers, and 
expresses no doubt of their superiority over the ordinary tile and 
sole, independently of the difference in price and cost of the 
drains. Previously to the formation of Mr. Etheredge's works 
he had paid 505. for the common tiles, and 20s. for the soles, per 
thousand. He observes: I have drained with stones, alder, 
and sods, and without any hesitation I give the preference to the 
mode I am now pursuing. I pay for digging out, laying the tiles, 
and filling-in the drains, 2)d. per rod; I before paid for the com- 
mon tiles bd. per rod." Mr. Timson has used the largest of the 
two sizes of tile and cover given in the table. 
Mr. W. B. Webster, of Hounsdown, was draining a piece of 
very tenacious clay land with the smallest size of tile and cover. 
These drains were 21 feet apart and 27 inches deep, the digging, 
laying, and filling-in costing ?)d. per rod, which seems to be the 
current price of the country where the ground moves well to that 
