372 
Report on Drain- Tiles and Drainage. 
depth, and is free from gravel. He estimates the entire cost of 
drainage, on these data, at 5Z. per acre, that of surveying the 
land, laying out the drains, &c., inclusive. Many other gentle- 
men have adopted the same small-sized tile, and unite in one 
opinion as to the economy and good action of such drains. The 
concave part of the tile forms the bottom of the drain, which is 
excavated to the .same dimensions by the narrow spade and 
scoop. 
The whole of this year's produce from the tilery had been dis- 
posed of, and the writer was informed that Mr. Eliieredge had 
already sold above fifty machines of different sizes. 
PijJe-tile. — It does not appear, from the inquiries made on this 
subject, that pipes have been anywhere used for land-drains at a 
period more remote than thirty-five years since, about which time 
Mr. John Read made and employed them when farm-servant to 
the late Rev. Dr. Marriott, of Horsemonden, in Kent. These 
original pipes were about 3 inches diameter in the bore, and 
were formed by bending a sheet of clay, as usually prepared for 
the common drain-tile, over a wooden cylindric mandril. In con- 
sequence of the im})erfect union of the two faces of the clay, a 
narrow slit was left throughout the length of the tile, which served, 
and was then thought necessary, to admit the water. They were 
found to act well, but their use did not extend so rapidly as it might 
otherwise have done had not Mr. Read quitted his farming em- 
ployment to devote himself, in London, to the manufacture of his 
celebrated stomach-pump, and other surgical and veterinary in- 
struments. Tiles on this plan have been made during the last 
three years in the parish of Saylherst, in Sussex, and their effi- 
ciency may be judged of by the following statement contained in 
a letter to Mr. Read from Mr. Henry Putland, of Hurst Green, 
in the same parish. It is dated the 9th of November, of the 
present year : — 
"The recent heavy rains give me an opportunity of making some ob- 
servations on the effects of the under-draining I have done with your 
pipe-tiles, and also of the use of your patent subsoil or mole plough. 
Last winter I thorough- drained three fields, say Nos. 1,2,3. No. 1 
was then sown with winter tares ; No. 2 afterwards sown with beans ; 
and both pieces gave more than an average crop this first year. It was 
my intention to have had turnips on No. 3, but from the extreme stiffness 
of the soil I found it impossible to get a season for them ; it therefore 
remained a clean summer fallow. Tlie three fields are now sown with 
wheat on ridges (or stetches), and the mole-plough was run through the 
open furrow between the stetches after the seed was sown, thus leaving 
the land as near plain as possible. On minute inspection I have found 
Nos. 1 and 2, after very heavy rains, comparatively dry on the surface, 
yet with scarcely any water running either from the mole-drains, or 
from the tiles, which I can easily account for. In consequence of the 
