Report on Drain- Tiles and Drainage. 
377 
the water within the pipes. He was obliged to cut off the spring, 
and afterwards found tliis line of pipe, though so laid, effectually 
to drain the land through which it passed. 
Mr. Henry Simmonds, of Hadlovv, whose farm was next visited, 
has practised under-draining extensively with sods, stone, wood, 
and the common tile, but prefers the pipe- tile under every point 
of view. He was found draining a laige piece at 3 rods between 
the drains, and at 36 to 42 inches in depth ; his object being to 
withdraw water stagnating in a subsoil of gravel at this depth, as 
well as to dry the upper active soil. The length of these drains 
is 165 yards, and the fall about 18 inches, or about 1 in 330. 
Being unable to procure a sufficiency of the inch pipes, he used 
these at the upper end of the field, and No. 4 at the lower end. 
These parallel drains emptied themselves into a cross-drain 
formed of the No. 1 tile. The digging cost 8c?. yier rod, in con- 
sequence of the pickaxe being necessary in the gravel ; but the 
total cost per acre would not exceed 5Z., though enhanced by the 
necessity of pushing the main-drain 500 yards in length, in order 
to reach the outfall. 
These pipes have been used by Mr. Simmonds with equal suc- 
cess in falls much less than the foregoing; and no doubt seems 
to exist in the mind of any party, who has had experience of 
them, as to their keeping open where any other kind of tile-drain 
would draw. He has thorough-drained with pipes several pieces 
originally done too shallow, which has laid them completely dry, 
the pipe-drains absorbing the whole of the water. As occasion 
may require, he lays two of the No. 1 pipes side by side for main- 
drains, preferring them much to the old tile and sole, and they 
make a capital job. 
Mr. Kepping, of Hadlow, was draining a hop-ground 4 feet 
deep with the No. 4 pipe at 4 rods, or 66 feet asunder ; the 
bottom varying in parts between gravel, clay, and a sandy loam : 
and another piece, at 3 rods apart, at the same depth. The first 
of these would cost — 
£ s. d. 
660 feet of pipes per acre, at 21s. per thousand 0 13 8 
40 rods of digging at 8d, per rod . .16 8 
Total . .£204 
The second would cost — 
£ s. d. 
880 feet of pipes per acre, at 2 Lt. per thousand 0 18 5 
53j rods of digging, at 8d. per rod . . 1 I.t 8 
Total 
. .£2 14 1 
