4-20 
On Diaiiiiiif/. 
acre. On lands upon which clover has been sown too often, or, 
as it is termed, ehvcr-sick, the admixture of subsoil and a little 
extra manure will make the land again produce clover freely, 
which will compensate in some measure for the cost of levelling. 
Fig. 5. 
a. a show the ridges opened 18 inches wide ; and to the depth 
marked 1 1 by ploughing two bouts on each ; h h h the old 
furrows, by ploughing three bouls in each ; c c a line drawn 
horizontal on a level with the old furrows; d d are horizontal 
lines, showing the quantity of earth required to be moved from 
the ridges to the old furrows, and partly over the land, to produce 
a comparative level surface. 
The whole field being laid out in this manner with a plough, 
break up the subsoil in the ridges marked 2 2, which with a 
spade throw into the old furrows marked 3 3 3; tlien with the 
plough throw back the furrows 4 4 into 2 2 ; again brenk up the 
subsoil and throw over as before ; and so proceed with 5 5, &c., 
until by cross-ploughing the land will lie comparatively level. 
In the plan the ridges rise 1 foot, w idth 10 yards. To reduce 
the ridges so that they shall not lie more than 2 inches higher 
than the furrows, the quantity of subsoil to be moved is only 2 
cubic yards or loads in a chain ; and as there would be 22 chains 
in an acre, the quantity per acre is 44 cubic yards or loads, which 
for spade-labour, according to circumstances, would cost from 'id. 
to 5c/. per load. 
4th. Materials in this conniij best for mider-druiniiig. 
The materials best for forming uiider-drains in this district are 
the common draining-tilcs and soles ; for the small drains the 
tiles are from 12 to 13 inches long, 3 inches wide, 3i inches 
high, arched top, and jierpendicular sides, with a sole half an inch 
wider than the tile which rests upon it. The tiles and soles are 
not only the most easy to make a drain, but form the most per- 
manent conduit for the water, and resist the ravages of rats, 
moles, ^c. «Scc. Some fev/ persons in this county, since the great 
reduction in the price of tiles (the cost of a thousand tiles and 
soles being only 30s.), are advocates for using wood or peat, 
acting under the fallacious idea that drains formed with such 
materials admit the water more freely than those formed with 
tiles. I admit this to be the effect in some instances; but it does 
not arise from the drain being formed with wood or peat, but 
because such drains are laid deeper than those with tiles, and 
