Annual Report for 1889 of the Consulting Entomologist. 175 
Fig. 3. 
la, 
-Pulvinaria llibesice. 1 and 
Female scale with woolly 
egg-sac and scale removed, mag. 
Line giving nat. length of scale. 
2, Larva magnified. 
counted sixty or more on a slightly-forked branch of currant only 
about a foot long. 
On the top of these egg-bags, at one end, is the brown, dead 
coat of the mother scale, and with- 
in a great number of eggs. From 
these hatch such multitudes of 
young scale insects that as they 
crawl in all directions they give 
the white wool the appearance of 
having been dusted with cayenne 
pepper, and might claim the name 
given to one American kind — the 
Pulvinaria innumcrabilis. These 
scale insects disperse themselves 
very rapidly in their early stages, 
and do mischief by drawing away 
the juices of the plants with their 
suckers. 
The attack has been reported (in almost every case with speci- 
mens accompanying) from Wakefield and Huddersheld, and also from 
various localities in Scotland, chiefly near the sea-coast, from Macduff 
in Banffshire to near Berwick-on-Tweed. In two of these localities 
it had been noticed a few years ago, otherwise it does not seem to 
have been observed until this summer, or possibly last year. 
As it was very desirable to check its increase at once, I recom- 
mended, by the help of the newspapers, as well as by letter, that 
infested bushes should be burnt on the spot where they had grown. 
Thus the great risk of dropping young scales about amongst the 
bushes is avoided, and such as may have fallen beneath the bushes 
will also be destroyed. I am favoured by information from Mr. W. 
McKenzie, gardener at Glen Muick, Aberdeenshire, that, when other 
means to get the pest under failed, he found the application of 
limewash during autumn, in proportion of one gallon of water to 
two pounds of hot lime, applied by means of a brush to the infested 
branches in the autumn, to be an effectual cure. 
With a little timely attention this scale attack can be kept well 
in check, but if neglected it is likely to prove a serious inconveni- 
ence. 
Looper caterpillars of Winter Moth, Cheimatohia brumata, L., 
and Mottled Umber Moth, Hybernia defolaria, L. 
With regard to the great injury caused by insect orchard pests, 
and especially by the looper caterpillars of the winter moth, com- 
munication has been frequent throughout much of the year, but 
space 1 here only allows mention of a little as to the time and best 
method of banding the trees as a preventive of attack. 
1 In my own Annual Beport for 1889 (13th Report) I have given in detail 
such information as I have been able to procure regarding different kinds of 
grease, and methods of application, and also regarding subsequent measures 
to destroy eggs and caterpillars. — E. A. 0. 
