180 Annual Report for 1889 of the Consulting Entomologist. 
the 2 cwt. of sulphate of iron, but in each of the above cases the 
ravages of the Tylenchus had quite ceased. 
The attack is excessively liable to be carried in infested earth, 
or in manure of stock fed on infested fodder (as these nematodes are 
not killed by passing through the animals in process of digestion). 
They also infest many kinds of grasses, and crop weeds, and some 
other ordinary held and garden crops. 
Also it should be borne in mind that, as the wormlets lie 
much on the surface of the earth in infested fields, common 
digging (which is sometimes resorted to as a remedy) is by no 
means sure to be successful. Trenching, or deep ploughing with a 
skim coulter, is useful treatment, for thus the wormlets are turned 
down to a depth at which they will perish. 
Flour Moth. 1 
I much regret to have to mention that the very seriously in- 
jurious wheat hour mill (and flour and meal store) pest, the Ephestia 
Kuhneilla, called specially " the flour moth," is quietly and steadily 
establishing a footing in this country. 
The harm caused by this infestation, where it gains entrance 
into rolling mills in which wheat only is ground, can hardly be over- 
estimated. The caterpillars spread themselves everywhere, get into 
the spouts and machinery, and do unbounded mischief, especially by 
injury to the silks, and stopping the flow of flour in the sjjouts, by 
spinning webs and hanging on them. 
It is most difficult to deal with this attack thoroughly, for, as it 
would temporarily ruin the business of the mills for them to be 
known to be centres of infestation, all the applications to myself are 
made in business confidence. 
Where various kinds of corn could be ground, there would be no 
difficulty at all in clearing out this pest by substituting a kind on 
which the caterpillars did not feed for a few weeks ; but, where 
wheat only is ground, the sole method which has been found really 
to answer in clearing the attack out tolerably, is to stop the working 
of the mill for a short time, and, by means of pipes or hose from the 
engine, to drive hot steam into every accessible part. 
This, of course, rusts the shafting, but that is a lesser evil. After 
the steaming, a thorough whitewashing of walls and all that can be 
lime-washed, cleansing the floors with hot lime and with paraffin oil, 
and afterwards fumigating from time to time with sulphur, have 
been found to keep the attack in check ; but still this does not 
stamp it out, so as to prevent risks of the pests being distributed to 
set up infestation in all places connected with transmission of wheat 
flour, or exchange of sacks. 
On the first breaking out of the attack in Canada I forwarded, 
by desire of the Department of Agriculture of Ontario, information 
as to what was being done under my own suggestion here, and they 
improved on the plan by having a steam-proof chamber built in 
From Report presented March 5, 1800. 
