306 
Tuberculosis in Animals, and 
in sanitary matters still obey the mandates of their great 
law-giver, and in the inspection of animals slaughtered for 
their consumption not only is the tuberculous animal condemned 
as unfit for food, but all those in which other diseases of the 
lungs or other internal organs are found. Celsus applied the 
Latin tuberculum (a little lump), the derivation evidently of 
the present word tubercle, to certain diseased conditions of 
the. internal organs in which deposits or small lumps were 
found ; but under this general term probably different morbid 
changes were included. In medical nomenclature, until recent 
times, the term tubercle was not definitely restricted to the one 
specific disease as it now is, but was used in a general sense to 
describe morbid changes in which little lumps or nodules were 
found. 
The common names by which this disease when affecting 
cattle is known to the stock-owner are " grapes," " pining," and 
" wasting," and the affected animals are spoken of as " wasters " 
or " piners," terms sufficiently expressive to convey some idea 
of the generally miserable and worn-out aspect of animals 
suffering from the chronic or advanced stage of this disease. 
All tuberculous animals, however, are not in this wasted 
condition ; a beast in good condition fit for the butcher, and 
apparently in perfect health, may on slaughter be found to have 
tuberculous deposits in its lungs and other internal organs, while, 
on the other hand, the "waster" or " piner " in the most 
emaciated condition may, when killed, be found quite free from 
tubercle or other organic disease, the emaciation being due to 
other general causes of debility, such as excessive secretion of 
milk or insufficient quantity or quality of food. Formerly 
veterinarians in this country spoke of tuberculous animals as 
" scrofulous," and considered the tumours known as wens, 
sitfasts, or clyers, as ordinary manifestations of this disease. 
With our recently extended knowledge of the intimate pathology 
of tubercle, this notion has been abandoned, and in an investi- 
gation conducted by Professor Crookshank, of King's College, 
London, the results of which were published in the Annual 
Report of the Agricultural Department of the Privy Council for 
1888, it is shown that these tumours or wens are quito distinct 
from tubercle, and due to a totally different kind of micro- 
organism. 
In describing tuberculosis it becomes necessary to decide 
what it really is, and how it is to bo distinguished from other 
diseases which resemble it. 
As already stated, any deposits in the form of little lumps or 
nodules in the tissues or organs of animals were formerly de- 
