Its relation to Consumption in Man. 30? 
scribed as tuberculous ; but since the true nature of the affection 
has been made out, a definite meaning has been attached to the 
term tubercle by the scientific man, though to the practical man 
employed in the slaughter-house, conversant only with the naked- 
eye appearances, no such distinction is evident. It is therefore 
necessary to regard tubercle from these two points of view : the 
first, the practical every-day aspect which meets the eye of the 
slaughterman or ordinary observer ; and the second, the view 
which the pathologist and bacteriologist takes of it. 
With reference, then, to the every-day aspect of tubercle, 
when an animal affected with this disease is slaughtered, the 
ordinary observer on looking at the diseased organs can see 
little solid masses raised above the general surface, and of a 
different colour to the structure in which they are deposited. 
In a dark-coloured organ like the liver they are easily seen, on 
account of their light yellow tint, but on the surface of the lungs 
they are not so readily recognised by sight, the contrast in 
colour being less marked. On passing the hand over the surface 
of these organs, the deposits, however, can often be readily felt 
where they are scarcely visible to the eye. On cutting into 
these diseased masses the knife often comes in contact with gritty 
material, the result of calcareous degeneration of the morbid 
deposit, while in others the little lumps are composed of a cheesy- 
looking mass, some portions of which may be semi-fluid. It is 
from this appearance that the terms cheesy or caseous have often 
been applied to these deposits. 
Whatever may be the consistency of these tubercular deposits, 
whether cheesy or calcareous, they are always surrounded by a 
more or less dense fibrous case or envelope separating them from 
the adjoining tissue, but apparently not sufficient to arrest their 
growth, or prevent the extension of the morbid process. These 
caseous deposits, enclosed within a capsule, in the tissue of 
the lungs, liver, and other glandular structures, are not the only 
forms of the affection met with in cattle. A peculiar form is 
found on the surface of the lining membranes of the chest and 
abdomen, consisting of small lumps, varying in size from that 
of a pin's head to that of a cherry, or even at times larger. 
These are round or ovoid in shape, and hang from the surface of 
the membrane in clusters similar to bunches of grapes, or are 
spread over the surface like little granules. This grape-like 
arrangement of the deposits led to the application of the 
terms grapy, or graped, to animals affected with this form of 
the disease, which is often associated with the more diffused 
deposit in the interior of the lungs and other organs. 
Tubercular deposits are not confined to the lungs and other 
x 2 
