The Herbage of Pastures. 
375 
specimen was dug seven inches deep, and the soil — a micaceous, brown, sandy- 
loam — was somewhat infested with wireworm. The turf, cut July 17, gave : — 
Gramineous herbage, 61 | Leguminous, 3 | Miscellaneous, 36. 
The leguminous herbage was Trifolium repens, with the merest trace of 
Trifolium pratense. Ruinex Acetosa constituted by far the greater part of 
the miscellaneous herbage, the remainder comprising Plantago lanceolata, 
Prunella vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, with fragments of Luzula campestris, 
Cerastium, and Veronica. The grasses separated into : — 
IIolcus lanatus .46 
Lolium perenne 23 
Agrostis sp. . . , . . . . 17 
Avena flavescens , . . . . 5 
Cynosurus cristatus ..... 2 
Poa trivialis 
Festuca ovina et var. 
Anthoxanthutn odoratum 
Undetermined . . . 
No. 53. — This and the next turf were sent by Messrs. James Carter & Co., 
High Holborn. They both came from Dedham, Essex — this one from upland, 
and the following one from marsh-land. The upland grass has been down 
for many years ; it is mown every alternate year, it receives no manure, and 
it feeds a bullock per acre per year. The specimen was dug only six inches 
deep, and the soil was a gravelly sand, somewhat adhesive. The turf was 
mown on July 24, and yielded : — 
Gramineous herbage, 65 | Leguminous, 10 | Miscellaneous, 25. 
Four-fifths of the leguminous herbage was Trifolium repens, the 
remainder being Lotus coruiculatus and Trifolium pratense. The miscel- 
laneous herbage was nearly all Rumex Acetosa, but Plantago lanceolata, 
Ranunculus, and Cerastium were also present. The grasses consisted of: — 
Lolium perenne 46 ) Anthoxanthum odoratum 
Holcus lanatus .12 Poa sp 2 
Dactvlis glomerata 10 Avena flavescens "1 
Agrostis sp. 7 I Festuca ovina et var. / ' ' 
Alopecurus pratensis .... 7 Undetermined 7 
Cynosurus cristatus , , . . 6 
No. 54. — The turf from Dedham Marsh came from land that has been in 
grass for many years, no person in the district remembering it otherwise. 
It is mown every alternate summer. No manure is applied to it, and no 
cake is fed upon it. The grass is usually grazed by bullocks, and in spring 
the land is harrowed and rolled. The marsh is described as " heavy land, 
subject to floods." The specimen was cut five inches deep, and the soil was 
a gravelly sand. Cut on July 24, the turf yielded : — 
Gramineous herbage, 59 | Leguminous, 8 | Miscellaneous, 33. 
The greater part of the leguminous herbage was Trifolium repens, but 
there was also some Trifolium miuus. Rumex Acetosa was by far the most 
abundant miscellaneous species, there being likewise Leontodon, Taraxacum, 
Achillea, Ranunculus, Cerastium, and Bellis. The grasses gave: — 
Holcus lanatus 32 
Alopecurus pratensis .... 28 
Lolium perenne 17 
Agrostis sp , 5 
Anthoxanthum odoratum , , 4 
Bromus mollis 4 
Avena flavescens 2 
Dactylis glomerata 4 
Festuca ovina et var 2 
Undetermined ■ . • . , 2 
