382 
The Herhage of Pastures. 
Poa trivialis . . . 
Cynosurus cristatus 
Undetermined 
. 9 
a trace 
. 5 
Agrostis stolonifera .... 50 
Lolium perenne 27 
Holcus lanatus 9 
Here, again, Agrostis stolonifera crept out all round the sides of the turf. 
As corroborative of Mr. Gibson's letter, it will be seen that more than one- 
fourth of the herbage was rye-grass. 
No. 72. — A turf sent by Mr. Neil M'Kenzie, Holestane, Thornhill, 
Dumfriesshire, from the Drumlanrig estate. It consisted of nine inches' depth 
of a brownish-yellow, friable loam, not sticky, and with no trace of root- 
lets on the under surface. It threw up a very mixed herbage, which, when 
cut on July 12, was thin, weedy, and somewhat mossy beneath. The proxi- 
mate separation yielded : — 
Gramineous herbage, 35 | Leguminous, 1 | Miscellaneous, 64. 
The very small proportion of leguminous herbage consisted entirely of 
Trifolium repens. Half of the miscellaneous herbage was Rumex sp. ; a fourth 
part was made up jointly of Leontodon and Taraxacum ; and one-eighth part 
consisted of Plantagolanceolata ; the remainder being, in order of abundance, 
Ranunculus repens, Cerastium triviale, Veronica Chamsedrys, Prunella 
vulgaris, Potentilla Anserina, Luzula campestris, and Cardamine pratense. 
The gramineous herbage was thus composed :— 
Cynosurus cristatus .... 6 
Poa trivialis 3 
Undetermined 10 
Holcus lanatus ...... 34 
Agrostis sp 33 
Lolium perenne 7 
Festuca pratensis 7 
Agrostis stolonifera and A. vulgaris were about equally abundant. 
My thanks are due to Mr. David Young, of the North British Ayricul 
turist, for helping me to get the Scotch specimens. 
IRTSH PASTURES. 
No. 73. — A turf sent by Mr. David Harper, Ballely Cottage, Randalstown, 
County Antrim, who writes : — 
" The land from which it was (alien has been in pasture nearly a 
hundred years, and is excellent for producing beef and milk. It is not 
drained. The sub-soil is brown, overlying a hard, black whinstone." 
The turf was nine inches deep, and a delicate network of root-fibres was 
noticeable on the lower face. The soil was a reddish-brown, medihm loam, 
interspersed with fragments of a black shaly character. From the outset 
the turf appeared to be weedy, and it yielded, when cut on July 17 : — 
Gramineous herbage, 54 | Leguminous, 2 | Miscellaneous, 44. 
The leguminous herbage was Trifolium repens; whilst the miscellaneous 
herbage was chiefly made up of Plantago lanceolata and Leontodon hispi- 
dus, there being also, however, much smaller quantities of Taraxacum sp., 
Ranunculus repens, Ranunculus acris, Rellis perennis, Rumex Acetosa, 
Cardamine pratense, Prunella vulgaris, and Luzula campestris. The grasses 
wero made up of: — 
Agrostis sp 30 Alopecurus pratensis . . . , 4 
Lolium perenne 84 Antnozanthum odoratum \ j 
Holcus lanatus 10 Poa sp. J 
Cynosurus cristatus .... 8 Undetermined 4 
The Agrostis was mostly A. stolonifera. 
