390 
The Herbage of Pastures. 
It will now be convenient to tabulate the results which have 
been detailed. Table I. (page 386), showing the distribution of 
species, presents a summary of the results obtained from the 31 
English turfs. In it are named all the gramineous species, all 
the leguminous species, but only 7 of the most prominent miscel- 
laneous species which were identified. Nineteen species of grasses 
are enumerated; but if Agrostis sp. be regarded as denoting 2 
species, and Festuca ovina et var. as denoting 3 species, the 
number is brought up to 22. This Table is strictly qualitative, 
and only indicates the distribution of the species ; it is silent as 
to the amount or quantity of the various species named, and it 
would be erroneous to draw from it any conclusions as to this 
latter point. As a census of species, Table I. is useful in that it 
records the relative frequency of occurrence in different localities 
of each species named. Thus, Agrostis sp. was found on every 
turf, Lolium perenne on all but one, and so on. The greatest 
number of species of grasses identified upon any one plot was 11, 
on one of the shallow Shropshire turfs (No. 44) ; the least number 
was 5, on the two excellent turfs from Cumberland (No. 26) 
and Monmouthshire (No. 33). The totals are not given in the 
Table of the miscellaneous species, because these are not all 
tabulated. As many as 17 miscellaneous species were recorded 
altogether, but, with the exception of the 7 given in the Table, 
none of them occurred on more than three turfs, and some od 
only one. 
The quantitative results from the English specimens are pre- 
sented collectively in Table II. (page 387), which records the 
percentages by weight of the three sections of green herbage, 
Table III., on the same page, indicates the percentage by weight 
of the total grass represented by each gramineous species, only 
those species which formed 5 per cent, or more of the total grass 
being separately recorded. This Table is of high significance, for 
it shows that Lolium perenne formed the largest proportion of 
the gramineous herbage in no less than 20 out of the 31 
turfs, whilst Agrostis sp. was first in 4 cases, Holcus lanatus in 4, 
Alopecurus pratensis in 2, and Dactylis glomerata in 1. 
Tables IV., V., and VI. (pages 388, 389) set forth the same 
kind of information for the Welsh, Scotch, and Irish turfs as 
the first three Tables furnish in the case of the English turfs. 
Table VI. indicates that, in the 6 specimens from Wales, Lolium 
perenne, which was present in all, was the most abundant grass 
in 4 cases, Agrostis sp. in 1, and Festuca ovina et var. in 1. No 
species of grass appears to have shown itself in significant quan- 
tity (over 5 per cent.) in all the 12 Scotch turfs, though Agrostis 
sp. made more than 5 per cent, in 1 1 of them, and Lolium 
