Senior 'Examination Papers, 1890. 
429 
12. Describe the system of steam ploughing by means of two hauling 
engines. 
13. What is the difference between a cultivator and a plough ? Illustrate 
your answer by sketches. 
14. Describe an ordinary sowing drill and sketch one of the sections. 
15. Discuss the advantages of pressing hay and straw for transport, and 
describe any one of the hand presses now generally in use. 
16. Describe and sketch a turnip-slicer and pulper. Point out the difference 
between the two implements. 
17. Describe and sketch a plumber block or pedestal bearing for a 2^-inch 
shaft and a flange coupling for the same. 
18. Describe the process of getting up steam, starting with an empty boiler, 
and state what instructions you would give a driver for working it. 
EXAMINATION IN BOTANY. 
Maximum Number of Marks, 100. Pass Number, 50. 
Saturday, May 17th, from 10 a.m. till 12 noon. 
Seven questions at least must be answered. 
1. Give the distinguishing characters of Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons. 
2. Describe the nature and functions of stomata. 
3. What are the organs that are modified for storing food in the potato, 
artichoke, onion, turnip, kohl-rabi, and Garrot ? 
4. What is meant by an epiphyte, a parasite, and a saprophyte? Give 
examples. 
5. What are the conditions required for the germination of a seed ? 
6. Explain the conditions and structure of the root which fit it for absorb- 
ing food from the soil. 
7. Explain the changes that take place in a g-ein of wheat in malting. 
8. Give from the British flora two examples of plants that ensnare insects. 
State how this is done in the examples given, and explain how the plants benefit 
from the capture. 
9. Give the characters of the natural order Cruciferre, and specify some of 
the cultivated plants which belong to the order. 
10. Name and describe in systematic order the plants marked A and B. 
EXAMINATION IN GEOLOGY. 
Maximum Number of Marks, 100. Pass Number, 50. 
Friday, May \&th,from 2 pm. fill 5 p.m. 
1. From the decomposition of what Rocks are different Soils supplied with 
Lime, Potash, Magnesia, and Silica ? 
2. What is Clay ? What particular kinds of Clay are used in Manufactures 
and Building ? Where are such Clays respectively obtained ? 
3. Refer to the different states and conditions in which Water exists as a 
disintegrating and denuding agent on the Earth's surface ; and describe in 
detail its action in one or more instances. 
4. Describe, and illustrate by diagram, what is meant by dip and strike. 
Show also how they affect the surface of England, as to its physical geo- 
graphy. 
5. What is a Fossil ? Mention some Fossils with which you are well ac- 
quainted, and state what you know about them and their origin (whether 
animal or vegetable), the conditions under which they occur, and to what 
particular Geological Formations they belong. 
