480 
Covered Cattle Yards. 
quantity extremely small — quite too insignificant to infringe 
on the comfort of the animals or to impair the quality of the 
manure kept under it — indeed, it has been proved that less 
rain penetrates than when close-boarding is used. This is a 
curious fact, and not easily accounted for — but a fact never- 
theless. 
The higher the pitch of the roof the sooner the rain gets off, 
and this tends to its preservation ; but it is not well to go beyond, 
a given pitch, as, when too high, the rain is found to enter 
in greater quantity. Lord Wenlock's agent at Escrick, Mr. 
Walker, who has erected a great many of these roofs, and 
particularly noted this point, finds a rise at an angle of 40 
degrees to be the happy medium between a high and a low 
pitch. He also advocates a moderate rather than a wide span, 
finding the water does not get so well away on long-sided roofs 
than where shorter, and is more liable in strong winds to be 
blown through the openings into the yards. 
The first to adopt it was Mr. Cundy, land-agent of Wetherby, 
who got the idea of its leading principle from a brickmaker, 
who found that his bricks were kept drier when his shelter 
boards did not absolutely touch than when in contact. This 
induced him to cover, by way of experiment, a small yard near 
his residence embodying the principle, which proved so satisfac- 
tory that he has gone on covering ever since, and up to the 
present has roofed over on the estate of Mr. Montagu and 
others upwards of 120. His neighbours, among whom may be 
named Mr. Dent, Lord Wenlock, and many others, have more 
or less followed his example. 
That a wooden roof is a better equaliser of temperature than 
any of the others herein described will be readily admitted. 
That the Cundy roof also attains to the first essential of Covered 
Yards — efficient ventilation — all who have had experience of 
them concur in affirming ; that its first cost is less per yard than 
any of the others the subjoined prices will show. But* whether 
it will in the long run prove the most economical mode of cover 
is not so certain, and to the consideration of this I will again 
recur. 
The following are the priced quantities showing cost of the 
roof : — 
Roof covered with Boards. 
Yard (inside) 60' 0" x 45' 0". 
Tarda Feet £ i. A 
— 121 run 0"x 3" framed ticbeams (Ion;? lengths) . Q, /6| 3 7 2 
— 206 „ Si" x 3" framed principal rafters and king 
