Farming in Devon and Cornwall. 
M7 
bodies, such as the Dnchy of Cornwall, tho Ecclesiastical Com- 
missioners, the Duke of Bedford, Sir Massey Lopes, and a host 
of others, have out of their own resources done much to redeem 
their class from the charges of neglecting to provide their farms 
with sufficient substantial and well-arranged homesteads. 
Evidences are everywhere apparent of a considerable expendi- 
ture in recent years on buildings and improvements of all kinds, 
and in particular on the erection of comfortable and healthy 
cottages. As usual, the best and most convenient homesteads 
are to be found on the larger properties, whilst in North Devon, 
and certain parts of Cornwall, where small ownerships are found, 
the sanitary arrangements are sadly defective. 
Grass Land. 
The following figures obtained from the Agricultural Returns 
will show how large has been the percentage of land laid down 
to permanent grass during the last twenty years, as well as the 
effect of the extension of the period during which grasses under 
rotation are left unbroken : — 
Devon. Corxwall. 
1809. 
1889. 
18G9. 
1889. 
Acres 
Percent^ 
Acres 
Percent- 
Acres 
Percent- 
Acres 
Percent- 
Returned. 
ages. 
Returned. 
ages. 
Returned. 
ages. 
Returned. 
ages. 
m Crops . 
302,111 
29-93 
252,513 
2094 
151,077 
30-79 
132,777 
2223 
jen Crops 
and 
^allows . 
194,137 
19-24 
148,211 
12-29 
89,856 
18-32 
60,781 
10-16 
vers, &c., 
in' 
{citation . 
113,054 
11-39 
198,010 
16-43 
105,835 
21-57. 
184,777 
30 92 
•manent 
Pas- 
ures . . 
398,210 
39-44 
606,981 
50-34 
143,835 
29-32 
219,340 
36-69 
Totals 
1,009,515 
100 -oo 
1,205,715 
1 00 -oo 
490,603 
ioo-oc 
597,6/5 
ICOOO 
It will thus be seen that, instead of one half as in 1869, 
quite two-thirds of the cultivated lands are now in grass, either 
as permanent pasture, or under the process of a rotation. Much 
land has been seeded down with permanent mixtures, whilst, 
so favourable are both soil and climate to the growth of grass, 
many fields which were originally seeded down for a short period 
only, have been allowed to remain unbroken so long that they 
may now be reckoned as permanent pastures. In not a few in- 
stances leas on the competing farms were pointed out as due for 
breaking np in the coming autumn, which, had they been situate 
in certain other parts of the kingdom, their owners, and even 
