The Agricultural Statistics of the United States. 6G1 
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Kansas. 
The denser distribution in the Northern States is due to the 
fact that the oat crop requires a relatively low temperature. 
(Gradual deterioration in yield and quality attends the cultivation 
of oats in all parts of the States. Oats of 40 to 50 lb. per bushel in 
iScotland, or Norway, or Denmark, usually yield lighter grain, even 
with the tirst crop, in the States, and the weight per bushel declines 
annually. In the South, good crops are got by autumn sowing for 
winter growth. Oats are not cultivated in Arizona. The largest 
area of oats in any one State is 3,838,000 acres in Illinois; the 
smallest, is 3,388 acres in Wyoming. 
The national average yield, based on the ten years ending 1888, 
was 27 bushels per acre. The highest average is that of Washington 
(37 "3 bushels). This State enjoys a moist climate and moderately low 
temperature. As many as sixteen States give yields ranging from 
11 to 30 per cent, above the general average, but they are mostly in 
the northern zone. The lowest average yield is that of North 
Carolina (10T bushels). 
In the following details concerning live-stock, the State averages 
are based upon ten annual estimates. The averages are consolidated 
from returns of county averages, and they represent the values upon 
the farms, or the prices paid to farmers in the primary markets. 
Horses. — The average value per head of horses in the United 
States is 137. 15s. They are dearest in New Jersey (201.) ; Rhode 
Island (19/. 13s.) ; Massachusetts (19/. 8s.) ; and Delaware (19/.). In 
eleven other States (Maine, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, 
Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Dakota, South Carolina, Georgia, 
and Florida) the average prices range between 15 guineas and 
17 guineas; whilst in all other States they fall below 15 guineas. 
The lowest average price is 6/. 15s. (in Texas). The differences in 
value are attributable to differences of breed, distance from market, 
proportions of young and mature animals respectively in pastoral 
and manufacturing States, and to other local causes. 
Cattle. — The general average value per head of cattle (exclusive 
of milch cows) is 41. 2s. In eleven States the average value is more 
than 30 per cent, above the general average. These are — Massa- 
chusetts, 11. 4s. ; Rhode Island, 6/. 17s. ; New Jersey, 6/. 15s. ; Con- 
necticut, 6/. 12s.; New York, 6/. lis.; New Hampshire, 6/. 7s.; 
Pennsylvania, 51. 13s. ; Maine, 5/. 13s. ; Vermont, 51. 12s. ; Delaware, 
52. 12s.; Ohio, 51. lis. The lowest State average is 1/. 14s. (in 
Florida). The lowest values are represented by Texan cattle, which 
came from Mexico originally, and from Spain more remotely. Up 
to fifteen years ago they were the export cattle of the United States, 
•,'oing to Cuba and adjacent islands, and still being sent there. 
One fat Shorthorn exported to England represents the value of 
about five of these Texan beasts. In the grazing regions of the 
distant Western States the average value is lower than in the 
Eastern States, which buy two-year-olds to feed and finish for the 
market. 
