678 Agricultural Administration in Amtria-Hunrjary. 
official figures 1,451,707 landlords and tenants (or 9 - 4 percent.), 
and 4,520,671 (28 - 9 per cent.) as persons employed. But here 
the parallelism ceases. The Austrian total of persons employed 
in agriculture, including children and servants, is 12,188,998, 
or 55 per cent, of the whole number ; but there is no corre- 
sponding figure for Hungary. Considering, however, that 
Hungary has far fewer manufactures and industries than Austria, 
it will hardly be an over-estimate to assume that something like 
two-thirds of the population of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 
are dependent upon the cultivation of the soil. 
In Austria, the number of persons engaged in agriculture 
and forestry is largest in Dalmatia (82-7 per cent, of the popula- 
tion). In Galicia the proportion is 74" 2 per cent. ; in Istria, 
Bukowina, and Carniola, from 70 to 73 per cent. ; in Carinthia, 
68 - 6 per cent. ; in Styria, Gorz-Gradiska, and Tyrol, from 63 to 
66 per cent. ; in Vorarlberg and Salzburg, upwards of 55 per 
cent. ; in Upper Austria and Moravia, from 48 to 49 per cent. ; 
in Bohemia, 40'9 per cent. ; in Silesia, 35 - 2 per cent. ; and in 
Lower Austria, which includes the capital, Vienna, 27 - 2 per cent. 
Natural Features of the Country. 
In estimating the amount of land available for agricultural 
purposes, a very large deduction must be made from the total 
area of 240,942 square miles shown in the Table on page 675. 
Austria-Hungary is, after Switzerland, the most mountainous 
country in Europe ; about three-fourths of its surface consist of 
mountains or hills, the rest being made up of valleys and plains. 
Barely a third of the land is arable ; forests cover another third ; 
while the remaining portion consists of meadows, pasture-land, 
or vineyards. 
The following statement, taken from the latest official figures, 
gives the percentages more exactly : — 
Percentage of total area 
Arable and garden land 
Vineyards . 
Pastures and meadows 
"Woodlands 
Lakes and fishponds . 
Total area subject to taxation . 943 91-5 04-4 
Exempt from taxes . . .5 7 5-5 5G 
Total . . 1000 1000 100-0 
The great extent of the surface of the Empire, its continental 
position, the marked differences in altitude, together with other 
... , T Whole 
Austria Hungary Monarol , y 
. 367 40-9 389 
. 0-8 13 1-1 
. 23-8 23-9 239 
. 32-6 28-1 30-2 
. 04 03 03 
