684 Agricultural Administration in Austria-Hungary. 
Lower Austria, was found to belong, as to 5,650 acres, to the 
Prince of Liechtenstein, and as to the remaining 1,400 acres, 
to the enterprising proprietor of the factory, who was careful 
to direct attention to the fact that these latter were not inscribed 
in the provincial Landtafel. 
The seignorial property in the Alpine Provinces chiefly 
belongs to the State, which owns in all 4,500,000 acres of 
forest. Other large owners of forests are the Emperor (184,000 
acres), the Archduke Albert (230,000 acres), the reigning Prince 
of Liechtenstein (358,000 acres). Prince Schwarzenberg (293,000 
acres), the Credit Foncier of Vienna (200,000 acres), Johann 
Liebig & Co., in Galicia (120,000 acres), the Archbishop of 
Olmiitz (117,000 acres), and Prince Joseph Colloredo Mannsfeld 
(115,000 acres). 
The proportion of the seignorial properties to the entire 
productive area in Austria, and the percentage of forests in the 
seignorial properties, are as follows : — 
Proportion 
to total 
Proportion 
of forest 
In seign- 
orial 
Proportion 
to total 
Proportion 
of forest 
in seign- 
orial 
productive 
productive 
area 
properties 
area 
properties 
per cent. 
per cent. 
Upper Austria 
per cent. 
per cent. 
Silesia 
. 505 
53 
. 170 
89 
Bukowina . 
. 395 
85 
Carniola . 
. 14-5 
91 
Galicia 
. 390 
55 
Carintliia . 
. 130 
91 
Moravia 
. 375 
58 
Tyrol and Yor- 
| 10-0 
92 
Bohemia 
. 34 0 
62 
arlberg . . 
Salzburg . 
. 26o 
98 
Coast 
. 2-5 
93 
Lower Austria 
. 225 
65 
Dalmatia . 
. 10 
24 
Styria 
. 195 
82 
It is only right to say at once, that nearly all the improve- 
ments in the agricultural practice of the Empire have been made 
on the estates of the seignorial proprietors, and that, where a 
peasant-proprietor has followed improved methods, he has done 
it as a copyist, because he sees it pays. In a great many 
instances, however, and especially in Hungary and the pro- 
vinces to the east and north-east of it, the peasant still culti- 
vates the soil in the same fashion as he did before his emancipation 
in 1848. 
In the northern provinces of Bohemia and Moravia improve- 
ment is, perhaps, more due to the tenants of the seignorial 
properties than to the owners themselves. The proprietors of 
sugar-factories, breweries, distilleries, and the like, require for 
the profitable exploitation of their businesses considerable tracts 
of land and large quantities of live-stock. Their rents are high, 
and to obtain the full value from their holdings they have been 
obliged to introduce the latest machinery and agricultural imple- 
