694 Agricultural Administration in Austria-Hungary. 
it may be useful to subjoin somewhat full details of the system 
which has been adopted in the two countries, and which, so far 
as can be seen, has been proved successful by the experience of 
twenty years. 
Agricultural Education in Austria. 
Just a century ago (in 1791) the first Chair of Agriculture 
was established in Austria, at the University of Prague, and in 
connection with it a farm-school was started at Trnowa, close by. 
Five years later Peter Jordan began, at the University of Vieuna, 
his lectures on Eational Agriculture, which he continued until 
1809, when he became Director of the Imperial estate at Yosen- 
dorf and Laxenburg. Bohemia seems to have been for a long 
period almost the only province that possessed agricultural 
schools; but after 1850 they became more general, and when 
the Austrian Ministry of Agriculture began its work in 1868, 
there were 35 in existence. Their subsequent development is 
most conveniently presented in the form of a table showing the 
numbers at intervals of five years 1 : — 
Number Of which there a r e supported by Attendance 
Tear of Trivate of 
institutions State Provinces Districts Societies p ersous pupils 
1870 . 30 . 2 
1875 
1880 
1885 
1890 
64 . 4 
65 . 4 
76 . 7 
103 . 0 
12 . 2 . 18 
17 . 6 . 32 
26 . 2 . 31 
28 . 2 . 37 
31 . 3 . 61 
2 . 1,075 
5 . 2,035 
2 . 2,441 
2 . 2,562 
2 . 3,075 
The six establishments under the direct superintendence of 
the Government are the Hochschule fur Bodencultur at Vienna 
(to which reference will be made later), the fruit-growing 
academy at Klosterneuburg (Lower Austria), three forestry schools 
at Gusswerk (Styria), Hall (Tyrol), and Bolechow (Galicia), and 
the botanic garden at Lemberg (Galicia). , 
Of the 103 schools in existence in 1890 — 
24 were in the Alpine and surrounding districts (viz., 
Lower Austria 11, Upper Austria 2, Tyrol 3, Styria 4, Carniola 
3. and Carinthia 1). 
61 in the North-West Districts (viz., Bohemia 40, Moravia 
18, Silesia 3). 
1 For a very complete and interest ing monograph on agricultural educa- 
tion in Austria, with full details as to the working of each school, see Der 
land- und forstnirtkzehaftUchc Unterricht in den im Reichsrathe r?>1/rtenen 
Konigrcichen und Landern, published by the Ministry of Agriculture this year 
(1890), and prepared by Uaron Arthur von Hohenbruck, Ministerial Councillor, 
and Chev. F. von Zimruerauer, Under-Secretary of the Ministry. 
