Agricultural Administration in Austria-llungari/. 699 
The Ministry of Public Instruction also does something 
■r primary agricultural education, in addition to supporting 
le Hochschule at Vienna. There were in 1889 9 -chairs of 
griculturein 5 polytechnic schools, and 11 schools and 22 courses 
f veterinary medicine and horse-shoeing. Lessons in agriculture 
..'ere given in 1888 in 42 training colleges to 2,893 pupil- 
eachers. 
The Ministry of Agriculture lias, moreover, a staff of 19 per- 
nanent lecturers, who perambulate the country giving lectures 
ind having conferences on farming and forestry questions with 
Agriculturists who arc unable to attend schools. Lectures of 
be same kind were given in 1888 by 1G1 other persons under 
he auspices of the Ministry, so that in all 180 Wanderlehrer — 
travelling teachers — gave in that year 1,967 lectures on general 
agriculture, 2G2 on fruit and vine culture, and 560 on other 
special subjects — or 2,789 in all— to upwards of 100,000 auditors. 
It may be added by way of conclusion that the teachers 
both in the lower and intermediate schools are required to pass 
an examination, examining boards for which exist at Vienna, 
Prague, and Lemberg. For the discussion of questions relating 
to agricultural education the Ministry of Agriculture has started 
a paper, Land- und forstirirthschaftliche Unterrichts-Zeitung. 
The total expenses of agricultural education not covered 
by fees was as follows in 1889 : — 
For Establish- For their 
ment of Schools Maintenance 
To the State £2,200 £12,900 
To Provinces 2,400 34,400 
To Private Individuals ... 500 4,300 
Total, £5,100 £51,600 
or a total of 56,700/., excluding the cost of the Hochschule at 
Vienna, which is borne upon the estimates of the Ministry 
of Public Instruction. 
The total net cost to date of the agricultural schools 
established in Austria is 1,124,000/. of which 187,0002. is for 
the Academy at Vienna. Omitting this, as under the control 
of another Department, Baron von Hohenbruck gives the total 
cost of Agricultural Education since 1868 as 937,000/., of which 
2 12,000/. is for the founding of the schools and 695,000/. for 
maintenance. The State has borne 33-5 per cent, (or 81,000/.) 
of the total cost of establishment and 24 per cent, (or 170,000/.) 
of the maintenance ; the provinces 47 - 5 per cent, and 64 per 
cent. ; and societies and others 19 per cent, and 12 per cent. 
