Annual Report for 1890 of the Consulting Entomologist. 815 
which first appeared in this country in 1887) is much increased by 
he natural wish of all owners of infested mills and stores that com- 
nunications should be considered confidential, and consequently it 
s sometimes difficult, and sometimes totally impossible, to give the 
varnings to bakers and others round the infested centre which 
ire required to prevent the infestation being transmitted on returned 
;acks to clean mills. I am, however, doing the best I can by fur- 
lishing information of such remedial measures as have to some 
legree answered here, and have again communicated with the 
Dominion Entomologist of Canada on the subject. This attack is 
me of great importance, as it is easily conveyed in many ways, and 
•apidly causes scores or hundreds of pounds of loss, or even necessity 
for stopping working of the mills for a while. 
Turxip Pests, etc. 
Amongst turnip crops some mischief was mentioned from seed 
beetles, but no general attack of turnip aphis was reported to me, 
nor yet of the turnip grub, which frequently is extremely injurious, 
especially from the latter part of summer onwards. 
Mustard crop insects were more noticed than is usually the case, 
and also the attack of carrot fly, commonly known as " rust." 
Mangel leaf maggot was badly injurious ; but with regard to 
remedial measures I am permitted by the courtesy of Sir John 
Lawes to mention the benefit received at Rothamsted by a dressing 
of nitrate of soda applied broadcast early in August at the rate of 
2 cwt. per acre to a crop of which the whole leafage had the appear- 
ance of being scalded, brown in colour, and greatly shrivelled. After 
the application the plants formed new growth, and the crop when 
taken up gave a produce of about 18 tons of roots to the acre. 
Ftem Eelworm. 
The attacks of stem eelworms, which are recognisable by the 
peculiar forms of growth which their presence gives rise to, are being 
carefully observed both in tulip-rooted oats and stem sick clover, 
and I have also recorded the first definite identification of this species 
(Tylenchus devastatrix) as infesting and stunting the growth of field 
bean plants [see pages 838 et seq.]. 
As yet we have no observations of the presence of this attack in 
potato tubers in this country, but, as it is known to be present in the 
tubers on the Continent of Europe, it probably is present here 
also. 
Orchard Pests. 
Several kinds of crop or fruit tree attack have been little or not 
at all observed here before. These I have duly reported. 
The attention bestowed on destruction of orchard caterpillars 
did much good in saving fruit where the plan was carried out under 
the careful directions given. Now, also, we are finding the further 
