Gross Rent v. Net Rent. 
869 
there are several patents. The incubators already in use are six in 
number, and each takes 500 eggs. After five days the infertile eggs 
are removed, and sold for cooking, and replaced with other selected 
eggs. Assuming the demand, the supply might readily be made 
very considerable, say, with *ix machines for incubation and ten 
batches in a year, 500 x 10 x 6=30,000 chickens a year ; say a profit 
of one mark (Is.) per head sold, this would give a profit of £1500. 
Incubation is affected by thunder, and curiously enough it was 
noted the eggs did not hatch out well during the army manoeuvres, 
when, within a mile of Walmiinster, batteries were placed on either 
side of the valley, and there was all day firing of great guns. The 
newly acquired estate of the Emperor is not far off, and his Majesty 
was expected to visit Walmiinster this autumn. 
It only remains to be said that Herr Gruenhaldt is a well-edu- 
cated man, very ready, out of business hours, to converse agreeably 
in his own pure Hanoverian German ; he writes and understands 
English, but never uses that language in conversation ; his family, 
wife, and daughter, are amiable ; and, altogether, for a young man 
desirous of learning conversational German, not to mention other 
matters, the gite is agreeable and desirable. 
A. H. Cathcart. 
GROSS RENT v. NET RENT. 
There is perhaps no point connected with the ownership of an agri- 
cultural estate, and at the same time having an important bearing 
upon its successful management, which is so little heard of, and con- 
sequently so generally ignored, as the difference between the gross 
rent paid by the tenant, and that portion of it — the net — which 
ultimately reaches the landlord's pocket. 
The landlord, especially if he be an "improving one," desirous 
of giving his tenants all the facilities necessary to enable them to 
make the best of their farms (and which of our large landowners 
is not so 1) knows too well that the cost of maintaining his estate in 
a satisfactory and proper condition, and of executing the various 
improvements which are from time to time demanded of him, en- 
croaches considerably upon the gross rentals paid by his agricultural 
tenants. This knowledge has been specially forced upon him during 
late years, because, with the fall of rents on the one hand, and 
the increased cost of labour and materials on the other, the encroach- 
ment has been taking place at both ends of his rent-roll. The 
growth of his proportionate expenditure has also been augmented 
by other causes, for, beyond the increased cost of ordinary repairs, 
there have been changes taking place which have called for more 
outlay on the landlord's part — as, for instance, the great change in 
some districts from arable to pasture, and the consequent necessity 
for more buildings ; the subdivision of farms in revulsion of that 
