( XVIII ) 
ceded. English cheese naturally improved also, and so did all 
descriptions of butters." 
CouK Butter Market. — " The season opened in April under favoar- 
able auspices ; prices ruled high and seemed likely to continue at 
rates that would remunerate farmers and stimulate them to make all 
the butter they could. As late as the 1st of May the price of first 
quality was not under 125s., and of second quality 120s., rates which 
ten or fifteen years since would be counted fabulous. During May 
and the early part of June, while everything promised well, and 
before the dry weather in England had assumed the form of drought, 
prices rapidly declined until, on the 19th of May, the lowest point 
of the season was touched — firsts being quoted at 103s. and seconds 
at 100s. These rates were of short duration ; an improvement of 
3s. to 4s. per cwt. at once took place, and from that time until the 
present a constant and steady advance has gone on, averaging Is. 
per cwt. per week. The prohibition of exports of butter from 
France, which occurred a short time since, did not produce much 
effect, owing probably to its happening so late in the season, 
when most of the dealers have their stocks in. The total quantity 
brought to market since the commencement of this season, in 
April, amounts to about 370,000 firkins of butter. It is very 
few short of the same period last year, which was one of the 
largest on record ; but in money value this year's is far ahead." 
In the review of the Foreign Market in the year 1870, 'The 
Grocer ' reports that " with the Prussian army surrounding Paris, 
supplies of butter and other provisions into that city were stopped ; 
larger supplies came this way, and amongst them some of unusually 
fine quality. Some of these in the end of November were sold in 
London markets at 168s. ; the general price for our usual qualities 
had earlier in the month ranged from 130s. to 140s. Early in 
December the prohibition of further shijjments of butter and other 
provisions from France, which had been hinted at for some time, 
took place ; and we have now for some weeks been without any 
direct arrivals from France, and, consequently, are left without 
market quotations for Kormandys and Jerseys. An increased 
quantity of repacked and adulterated foreign is now coming forward 
freely." 
With reference to the high price of butter, the New Yorlc Times 
says : — " In 1852 it was complained in a New York paper that the 
wholesale price of butter (then 13 to 16 cents for Ohio, and 14 to 18 
cents for Western New York) doubled every twenty years. In 1853 
there was a great stir about some farmers receiving 35 cents per 
pound for very choice butter, delivered at the residence of the 
