Report on some features of Scottish Agriculture. 
are of a medium size, neither too large nor too small. The sets 
are made by cutting slips ofT the tuber, each slip containing but 
one eye, or, if more than one, the superabundant ones are scooped 
out. The " rose-end " of the tuber is left until last; it is then 
split and all the eyes but one scooped out of each part. The 
object is to have each potato-plant, if possible, with but one stalk, 
as the crop is then more even in size and almost wholly fit for 
the London market. There may not always be so great a weight 
of potatoes as under the other system, but the farmer naturally 
looks more to £. 5. d., than to tons, cwts., and lbs. The sorts 
usually grown are Walker's Regent and Victoria, about half 
a ton of potatoes being required to plant an acre under this 
system. Some time after planting, the land is harrowed when 
the annual weeds are well up ; and as soon as the plants appear 
they are horse-hoed and cleaned with the hand-hoe once or twice, 
as may be required. When thoroughly clean and beginning to 
get bushy, they are earthed up by the double-mouldboard plough 
and two horses. When ready for lifting, which is generally from 
the middle to the end of October, but sometimes not until the 
first week in November, the double-mouldboard plough is again 
used, with an addition which throws the potatoes well out. The 
crop is pitted as soon as taken up, the potatoes being laid in long 
heaps on the surface of the land, about b\ feet wide at the base 
and not more than 3^ feet high. Great care is required to prevent 
"sweating;" it is therefore desirable to cover with straw first, 
and a light covering of earth, leaving chimneys at intervals of 3 
feet, and finally, to keep out wet and frost, the covering of earth 
is increased as may be deemed necessary. 
The largest potatoes go to the London market, the seconds are 
pitted anew and sold for seed, and the smalls are sold or used for 
cattle-food, or are purchased by starch-manufacturers. Last year 
the small potatoes sold for 355. per ton on the spot for feeding 
purposes. 
6. Pulse. — The potatoes after seeds are followed by beans on the 
heavier land, and by a mixture of beans and peas where the land 
is not so strong. In either case the potato-land is ploughed during 
the winter from 7 to 9 inches deep ; and in the spring, just before 
sowing time, the land is harrowed down and left for a day or two 
previous to ridging, which is done by six ploughs, in the same 
manner as for turnips, 27 inches apart The bean-sowing machine 
deposits the seed in the intervals between the drills before the 
return-ploughs, distributing from 2 to 2J bushels of beans per 
acre, or a mixture of 2 bushels of beans and half a bushel of peas. 
In two or three weeks annual weeds have got a good braird, and 
are then destroyed by thorough harrowing. Horse- and hand- 
