Report on some features of Scottish Agriculture. Ill 
After this tlie whole wheat-break is treated alike, whether after 
beans or after potatoes. It is steam-ploughed with a deep furrow 
about the end of October or beginning of November, and, in 
the course of a week or two, is sown with 2 bushels of Fenton 
wheat per imperial acre. Mr. Hope likes to sow on a stale 
furrow, and he would not get his wheat in until December, if he 
could be sure that the weather would allow of its being done 
then. He finds that the quality of the crop is better, and that 
it is ready for cutting a week sooner, by sowing as much as 2 
bushels per acre than by using a smaller quantity of seed. After 
the seed has been harrowed in, it remains until March or the 
beginning of April, and when well up it is harrowed and rolled, 
and then generally Dutch-hoed by hand. The wheat, whether 
thick or thin on the ground, is invariably harrowed once ; and 
when thick a second turn of the harrow is given, which prevents 
any over-crowding of plants. Sometimes it is horse-hoed ; but 
generally there is sufficient strength on the farm for hand-hoeing. 
As a rule, wheat is not top-dressed ; but a bad piece would get 
some nitrate of soda and guano mixed. Top-dressing is not 
much in favour at Fenton Barns, the theory and practice adopted 
being in favour of manuring heavily the previous green crops. 
The average produce runs from 5 to 6 quarters per imperial acre. 
5. Turnips. — All the manure made previous to the ploughing 
of the wheat-stubble is applied at the rate of 16 cart-loads per 
English acre, as far as it will go ; and the whole of the turnip- 
break is steam-ploughed in the autumn. The manure thus 
applied is not found to have quite the same effect on the crop as 
an equal quantity of as good dung applied in the spring ; but 
Mr. Hope thinks the loss sustained in this way is not so great 
as would accrue to the manure if it were kept in a heap during 
the winter, and, besides, it saves a great deal of labour in the 
more busy months. In the spring, the land is harrowed, grubbed 
once or twice, and drawn into ridges, winter-made manure being 
then put into the drills, on that portion of the land which had 
received no farmyard-dung in the autumn. A good allowance 
of artificial manure is then sown previous to splitting the 
ridges, namely, from 6 to 7 cwts. of a mixture consisting of 4 
or 5 cwts. of Peruvian, or a mixture of Peruvian and Ichaboe, 
guano, and the remainder superphosphates. The Ichaboe guano 
imported into Leith, for some years past, has been of excellent 
quality, and relatively cheaper than Peruvian. Preferably two- 
thirds of the roots, or at least the larger half, are Swedes ; and 
the remainder consist of Fosterton Yellow Hybrid and either 
Greystone or White turnips, the quantity of seed sown per acre 
being about 2J lbs. The after-management consists of two 
horse-hoeings, and one hand-hoeing after the plants have been 
