Report on some features of Scottish Agriculture. 191. 
detached, and the terminal length with the hose shifted ac- 
cordingly. By this system a man and a boy can irrigate two 
acres per day of ten hours, the expense for this portion of the 
work being Is. Gc?. per acre. 
The great objection to the Kennedy system is the large initial 
outlay in underground pipes, and laying them down. Another 
objection, which would be more serious on an ordinary farm 
than it is there, is the expense of pumping the sewage every 
day to the fountain head. The interest on the first outlay, added 
to the continuous expenditure included under the second head,^ 
probably requires a larger margin of profit to cover them than 
can be reckoned upon, except under special circumstances. 
Nearly 500 imperial acres are held in connection with the 
dairy, and are farmed under the following rotation : (1) oats, 
(2) roots, (3) wheat, and (4) seeds left for two or three years, or 
sometimes four. There are about 300 acres of seeds and grass, 
and the extent of land in corn and roots ranges from 160 to 170 
acres. The wheat crop is sold, and the straw used for litter. 
A large quantity of the oat crop is required for the horses, of 
of which about 25 are kept, on dairy and farm ; the remainder 
is ground and sold as oatmeal, and the oat straw is used for 
fodder. 
Irrigation commences with the oat-stubble, which gets two 
runnings in the autumn, one before and one after the autumn 
ploughing. In the spring a running is again given after the 
spring ploughing, and for turnips another at seed-time if possible. 
Potatoes are not irrigated after autumn, as it tends to make them 
soft. The root-course is generally one-sixth cabbages, one-half 
turnips, and one-third potatoes. The latter is crop sold off the 
farm, with the exception of the small and diseased tubers. 
The green crops being grown on the ridge, the last irrigation 
is done by running the liquid manure down the furrows. The 
turnip-land is generally left strong enough for wheat ; and even 
the potato-land, unless it happens to be a very poor field, gets 
nothing from the last irrigation before the potatoes are planted 
until the February after the wheat is harvested. 
In February, the liquid manure is turned on the ryegrass for 
cutting, say about 50 acres ; it is then sent on to the land being 
cropped, and during the summer it irrigates the pasture-land in 
rotation, one or two fields being done at a time. From 30 to 50' 
acres of hay are got every year, three cuttings being obtained 
if required ; but pasturing is always preferred as far as it is 
practicable. The mixture of seeds generally sown is about 
3 bushels of perennial ryegrass, and from 3 lbs. to 4 lbs. each of 
red, white, and alsike clovers per imperial acre. Italian rye- 
grass is too soft for dairy cattle, and is therefore never sown. 
