2U2 Rejwt on some features of Scottish A(jriculture. 
A foot of earth will keep them safe, and they are easily covered 
by taking a couple of furrows with a pair of horses on each side 
of the line of pits." 
Twenty-seven or twenty-eight tons of yellow turnips, topped 
and tailed, are considered a fair average crop, and from 32 to 35 
tons a good crop of swedes. 
For tares the land is prepared as for turnips, and the seed is 
mixed with oats. If the land is heavy, white peas and beans are 
also mixed to hold up the crop. Tares are sown at different 
times, the earliest being in spring with the first portion of the 
oat-crop. 
3. Barlejj. — The turnip-land is not touched until after all 
other spring cultivation has been completed, which is about the 
middle of April, when it is ploughed from 6 to 8 inches deep, 
and, without further preparation, sown with 4 bushels per acre 
of barley on the light land, or bere on the heavier soils. 
4. Seeds. — The preparation for seeds consists of harrowing 
until a sufficiently fine tilth is obtained, when the roller is passed 
over the land previous to sowing, and the harrow and roller are 
again used after tlie seed is in. The mixture of seeds generally 
used is 1 bushel of Pacey's ryegrass, 5 or 6 lbs. of red clover, 
and 4 or 5 lbs of white Dutch, if the land requires it ; but some 
portion of Mr. M'Combie's occupation grows white clover naturally. 
Upon the poorer soils an addition is made, consisting of 4 or 
5 lbs. of alsike, but this is omitted on the better land, as cattle 
are not fond of it. Occasionally a few acres of Italian ryegrass 
are sown for early cutting ; but red clover is the " seed " which 
is considered the great stronghold of the cattle-feeder. The 
quantity of hay made is only just enough for the horses, and 
never exceeds 30 acres. So great is Mr. M'Combie's dislike to 
cutting his own seeds, that he frequently prefers to buy hay, 
especially as he considers pasturing by cattle equal to a year's 
rest. 
Stock. 
1. Herd. — The breeding stock consists of about 80 head of 
the black-polled Angus breed, including 1 old bull, 2 yearling 
bulls, and 30 cows, the remainder being one and two-year- 
old heifers. The bull calves are generally sold privately, and 
there is also a sale of breeding stock every second or third 
year. Cows are put to at any season ; but it is preferred that the 
calves should drop early in spring, when they are allowed to suck 
their dams until October. The treatment of cows during winter, 
previous to calving, is based on the principle of keeping them 
as low as possible. They run over the grass that has been left 
by the feeding beasts, and are never taken under cover until the 
