Report on the Farm-Prize Compotition, 1871. 327 
taken. Having' been ploughed earh', it is merely harrowed, 
and by the middle of March drilled with from -1 to 5 bushels 
of seed per acre. No artificial manures arc given. Upon this 
strong variety of soil a great advantage is derived by getting 
a winter's tilth, and by the heavy dressing of Lawes's manure, 
of which, no doubt, some portion is unconsumed by the turnip 
crop. A fine even tilth is a most important matter towards 
securing a good spring corn-crop upon land of this texture. At 
all events both oats and barley were very good crops. 
Clovers. — Clover seeds are sown amongst the barley and oats, 
half being- for mowing. The mixture of seeds is as follows: — 
for mowing — red clover, 8 lbs., trefoil 4 lbs., and Italian rye- 
grass 1 bushel to the acre. For pasturage— red clover 6 lbs., 
white, 4 lbs., alsike 3 lbs., with 1 peck of Pacey's, and \ a 
peck of Italian rye-grass to the acre. These seeds generally 
grow strong, and in ordinary seasons carry a stock of young 
beasts, as well as the ewes and lambs ; no doubt assisted by the 
manuring of the young seeds after harvest. 
Wheat — Upon the ley, in the month of August, 3 tons per 
acre of lime (costing 7s. per ton) are applied, with a small ad- 
mixture of soil. If able to spare the grazing, the ley is broken 
up and made a pin or bastard fallow, say early in August ; and 
in October it is again ploughed 5 inches deep, harrowed, and 
drilled. This system is most approved of when available, as it 
gives greater certainty of securing a plant of wheat, which we 
should think fully requisite after Italian rye-grass. The variety of 
wheat generally grown is red, and is sown at the rate of 2 bushels 
of 75 lbs. per acre. The crop of wheat did not look well, being 
deficient in plant. Complaint was made of the season, but we 
yet think that Italian rye-grass is concerned. 
Beasts. — A stock of 52 cows is kept for milking and to 
make cheese, their produce being reared. The cows during 
the winter are kept in the cow-shed (an admirable building), 
and fed with pulped roots, chopped straw, grains, and oil-cake. 
This food is increased and improved after January. All the 
cows have a weekly allowance of 90 measures of grains, 40 
measures of malt dust, and 12 lbs. of linseed-cake, as well as 
an increased amount of roots, which is continued un to ffrass, 
and until the grass has become sufficiently good. In fact, 
Mr. Clay says he gives it up when the cows do not heed it. 
The two-year-old heifers are kept in an open yard with a 
good shed, and allowed a small quantity of pulped roots and 
chopped straw ; merely sufficient to keep them in an improving 
state, being turned out daily into a grass field adjoining the 
yard. The year-olds are well cared for, and placed in two 
