430 
Market- Gardening. 
wide rows. In a few clays the price would be reduced, and the 
cost of lifting a heavy crop of 10 tons of late potatoes would be 
about As. per ton. 
The ground is harrowed at the time of lifting the potatoes, and 
is immediately ploughed deeply, with three horses, for the coHards, 
which are dunged heavily if they are to be followed by carrots, 
and are not manured if parsnips are to be the next crop. The 
plants are set one foot apart, at a cost of 205. per acre for labour 
and 40s. an acre for the plants, supposing one acre of seed-bed 
to plant 14 acres of collards. This crop is hoed several times. 
Bunching for market costs 4s. Qd. per 20 dozen bunches. 
The collards having been removed during the winter, the land 
is cultivated deeply early in spring and ploughed 14 inches deep 
with four horses for 
(2.) Carrots or Parsnips. — As the cultivation of the latter is 
described elsewhere and that of the former does not require minute 
description, it will be sufficient to add that the Early Horn 
or James's carrot for bunching is sowed broadcast immediately 
after the plough. The hoeing and cleaning of this crop costs 
Messrs. Mathews 4Z. an acre. Taking up and bunching, which 
Avas in full progress this early season in the third Aveck in June, 
costs 8s. per 20 dozen bunches, which is thus divided — the men 
taking up the roots, 2s. Qd. ; the women washing them, Is. 8c?. ; 
men bunching, 3s. 4r/. ; cost of rods, Qd. 
(3.) Mangold. — The land remains untouched till spring, and is 
then cultivated deeply and ploughed with three horses, turning 
in a large dressing of dung. On this farm it is an axiom, with 
regard to the application of dung both to cabbages and to mangold, 
followed by onions, " the more dung the greater profit :" 40 tons 
are sometimes put on for mangold. The seed is drilled in rows 
2 feet apart, and the plants are singled at 15 inches in the row. 
Hoeing, setting out, and cleaning costs 25s. an acre ; raising and 
clamping a crop of 40 tons 25s.* an acre. Owing to the expense 
of hauling the roots to London, mangold at 18s. a ton is a less 
profitable crop on this site than it might be on a farm twenty 
nules from London, near a railway station. One reason for 
growing a few has been suggested ; another is a commercial one, 
in connection with the obtaining of manure from cow-keepers. 
* This price is at least double what I have been accustomed to pay for securinfr 
40 tons of roots of greater size. I venture to refer to the cultivation of mangold 
by Mr. Drewitt, of Guildford, which is noticed in my lieport of the "Farming of 
Kent, Sussex, and Surrey," in vol. iii., 1871, of the ' Journal of the Bath and West 
of England and Southern Counties Agricultural Association.' Mr. Drewitt is 
famous for growing heavy crops at wide intervals ; last year he paid only 8s. 6tZ. 
an acre for pulling, carting, heaping, and covering with straw a crop of 3.5 tons 
per acre, finding two boys to drive. Day wages at Guildford were 12s., at East 
Ilam 15s. a week. 
