488 Report on the Trials of Implements at Wolverhamfdon. 
are huno; upon a stud-pin which is carried round by the rotation of the rope- 
drum, so that the pinions are continually rolling around the spur-wheels; and 
the result of the variation in cogging is that, as the spur-wheel K is a fixture, 
every time the pinions perform one circuit they cause the spur-wheel J (and 
therefore the cam to which it is attached) to turn to the extent of one tooth. 
This slow motion of tlie cam gradually raises the die or pin of the lever C in 
the inclined groove or thread — this groove raising the lever during one semi- 
revolution of the cam and depressing it during the other. The dotted lines 
indicate the lowest position of the lever. The movement is so timed that the 
cam lifts or sinks the guide-rollers three-fourths of an inch, or whatever may be 
one thickness of the rope, for each revolution of the rope-drum, and the range 
and direction of traverse of the guide-rollers thus coincide at all times with 
the progress of either the coiling or unwinding. The rope when running out is 
kept partially taut, and the revolution of the out-of-gear drum restricted, by 
means of a simple friction-strap, L, and ratchet-pall, M, which ceases to act upon 
the strap when the drum rotates in the opposite direction for winding up the 
rope. The wrought-iron road-wheels, of 61 feet diameter and 22 inches breadth 
of tire, are pi'ovided with loose rings for attachment by bolts when it may be 
desirable to increase the breadth for traversing soft land, and also with strong 
spuds for being temporarily affixed when required. The capacity of the water- 
tank is 290 gallons, of the coal-bunker IG^ cubic feet; and the total weight of 
the engine in complete working trim is 17 tons. The normal speed of the 
engine is 130 strokes per minute, the corresponding pace of the rope 2| miles 
j^er hour, and of the road-motion 2 miles per hour ; but at Barnhurst a 
maximum speed was noted of 285 revolutions jjer minute, giving a speed of 
rope and of the implement of 5i miles per hour ; and at Stafford the indicator 
showed a maximum of no less than 143-horse-power, given out by the nomi- 
nally 20-horse engine. The engines being fitted witli broad-rimmed fly-wheels, 
are adapted for driving any kind of machinery by belts, and when divested of 
the ploughing-tackle, can be used as traction-engines. Very little cast iron is 
used in their construction, most of the pai-ts exposed to severe strain being 
either of wrought iron or steel. The proportion of all the parts of these engines 
is extremely massive and the workmanship throughout excellent. As illus- 
trating the completely locomotive and self-acting character of Messrs. Fowler's 
double-engine sets of machinery, it may be observed that not only the various 
implements, but also the spare-gear, water-carts, and even dwelling-vans for 
the men, are so arranged as to be transported by the engines themselves, so 
that the whole moves from place to place and gets to work without the assist- 
ance of horses. 
The turning-cultivator employed is constructed with a horizontal main- 
frame of a nearly trefoil shape (Fig. 7, p. 489), carried principally by a pair of 
large-sized wheels, A A, having a common axle about midway of the imple- 
ment, and also by a small steerage-wheel, B, in front, attached by means of a 
ring fore-carriage turning uj^ou frictinn-balls. Tlie implement is guided by 
locking this wheel to right or left by means of two chains, C, and a pinion, 
short upright shaft and hand-wheel, D ; the attendant, of course, having a scat 
provided for him, which our sketch does not show. The dvaught-rope, E, and 
tail-rope, F, are hoolved to a large forked or Y-shaped lever, G, which is con- 
nected with the main-frame by a strong stud or pivot, H. The fork, being 
free to turn horizontally upon this stud, as upon a centre, while this position 
of the draught-stud is considerably behind the steering-wheel (further back, 
indeed, than it appears in our drawing), gives to the wheel ample steering 
power for a cultivator of any reasonable width. While the pulling-rope, E, 
holds one arm of the fork in the direction travelled, the other arm stands out 
sideways, leading the tail-rope clear of the implement in the track of the next 
journey. On arrival at the headland the rope F begins to pull, producing four 
