490 Report on the Trials of Implements at Wolverhamptoii. 
the form of the two sets of plough-borlics upon an angular Lcam-framc nearly 
balanced upon a pair of wheels, with the draught-rope hooked at a point 
close to the gi'ound, being very well known ; and the ploughs are converted 
into diggers by simply removing the mould-boards, and attaching short 
iipward-curved doublc-jn-ong breasts instead. 
On Tuesday, June 20th, at Barnliurst, the two 20-horso engines, con- 
veying their implements, left the depot field, travelled for a quarter of a mile, 
turning through two gateways, and were in position ready for starting in 17 
minutes. Six men were engaged in the operation ; but, in ordinary work, fewer 
hands would be required. After the trial was concluded, the whole of the 
machinery was out of the field in 14 minutes from the completion of the last 
bout. Two engine-men and one implement-man, exclusive of the water-cart 
service, were engaged during the trial upon Plot 3, with the 13-tine turning 
cultivator. The breadth taken was at first 10 feet 10 inches ; but, after one 
bout, a couple of tines were taken out, because of their tendency to muffle in 
the grassy clover-lea, the reduced width being then i) feet 2 indies, and the 
average depth of work 82 inches. The sand-loam soil, containing a little- 
gravel, and in moist condition, was thoroughly well broken up, and the bottom 
left level. The power of the cultivator was shown during the last bout by the 
severing of several tree-roots, one of them 8 inches round. The time occupied 
in doing the thi-ee acres was 43 minutes, including 1^ minute lost in taking 
out the tines ; and at this rate, if maintained, 41 acres, 3 roods, and 10 perches, 
would be cultivated in ten hours. The time occupied in turning the imple- 
ment at the ends was sometimes only nine seconds ; sixteen observations gave 
an average of IG seconds. The average time occupied in the journey of 
285 yards was 2jL minutes, being a speed of nearly 4f miles per hour ; and 
of the whole time at work llj per cent, was taken np by the reversal of 
the implement at the ends. Had the length of the field been one-half 
greater, and the duration of the journey of the implement therefore one- 
half longer, while the time in turning remained as before, only eight per 
cent, of the whole time would have been occupied by the reversal of the 
cultivator, and the rate of performance would have been 3 2 per cent, greater, or 
44 acres, 1 rood, 5 perches, in ten hours, or about 53 acres in an autumn day 
of twelve working hours. On the other hand, had the field been, say, one-third 
shorter, 16| per cent, of the whole time would have been occupied at the ends,, 
and the rate of work would have been about 4j per cent, less, or 39 acres, 
3 roods, 38 perches, in ten hours. This calculation illustrates the advantage 
of large fields and the disadvantage of small ones in working a rapidly-moving 
imi^lement. The 6-furrow digger was not tried in Class I. at Barnhurst. 
Plot 4 in Field No. II. Messrs. JoJm Fowler and Co.'s Double- Engine 
12-Horse Set (Catalogue No., G481), consisting of a pair of 12-horse self- 
moving engines with single cylinders, fitted with single winding-drums ; 800 
yards of best steel-wire rope, with 9-tine turning cultivator (6501). Price 
1360Z. With 5-furrow balance combined plough and digger (6492) in addition, 
1447Z. 10s. Our general description of the 20-horse set is applicable also to this. 
The leading dimensions of each engine of this set are as follows : — Diameter of 
cylinder, lOj inches ; length of stroke, 12 inches ; heating surface of the fire- 
box, 33|- square feet, of the tubes 161 square feet ; total heating surface, 1941 
square feet ; firegi-ate area, 7f square feet ; normal speed of the engine, 150 
revolutions per minute ; corresponding sjjeed of the rope, 23 miles per hour ; 
corresponding speed of the road motion, 2i miles per hour, or with the slow 
gear, 1? mile per hour ; diameter of road or driving wheels, 5k feet ; breadth 
of tire, 20 inches; capacity of water-tank, 187 gallons; capacity of coal 
bunkers, 11 j cubic feet; weight in complete working-order, 14 tons. The 
indicator experiments at Staflbrd showed a maximum of 103 horse-power. 
The two engines with implement (no rope-povters being used) moved them- 
