512 Report on the Trials of Implements at ?Folverhampton. 
cultivator. The same kind of fork-lover is used also for attacliino; the draught 
and tail ropes, and for turning round at the ends of the lield; but instead of 
turning a crank-axle to lift the frame, this fork-lever, when moved to right or 
left, turns a ring which gathers up chains for lifting a set of harrows off the 
ground. 'I'hcse harrows are trailed just behind the steering-wheel, and in 
advance of the drill-coulters, and are lifted and dropped again by a bar sus- 
pended to the chains which are coimected with the lever-fork ring. There arc 
14 drill-coulters, taking a breadth of 82 feet, lifted by chains and barrel in the 
ordinary manner ; another barrel also winding up two chains which raise ofl' 
the ground a second set of lighter harrows which follow. Tlie drill-man stands 
upon a board or platform extending the whole width of the drill ; the steersman 
rides upon the box in front. The seeding parts, coulters, cups, &c., are manu- 
factured by Mr. James Coultas, of Grantham, and are adapted for sowing from 
6 up to 28 pecks of wheat per acre ; and the whole is furnished as a complete 
general-purpose seed- and manure-drill. The weight is about 17 cwts. In the 
trial the harrowing and drilling were well done, and the drill and harrows were 
completely under the control of the drill-man ; but in turning at the ends 
the pivot-wheel was found to wrench up the soil. When drilling, the tackle 
requires six men and two boys. The drill and harrows were not tried at 
Stafford. 
At Stafford, where each exhibitor was allowed to drive by his own engine, 
this apparatus was tried on July 5th, on Plot 5, in 4-furrow digging a two-years- 
old turf on strong clay loam with fast bottom. The ground was very imdu- 
lating, with a deep marl-pit ; the work, however, was exceedingly well done, 
at an average depth of 8 inches. 
Plot Kin Field No. XI. Messrs. J. and F. Howard's Detached-Windlass 
Set ; consisting of a 2-wheeled detached windlass, 1600 yards of best steel-wire 
ll-inch (circumference) rope, one compensating double snatch-block, 5 single 
snatch-blocks, 7 claw-anchors, 4 wood anchors, 11 3- wheeled rope- porters, 
8 lever 2-wheeled porters, 5-tine reversible cultivator, &c. (Catalogue 
No., 1170); price 250^. With 4-furrow combined plough and digger with 
steel beams (1174), one set of double-action steam harrows No. 1 (1185), 
and a steam drill complete with harrows (1182), in addition, 416Z. 10s. 
The windlass, tackle, and cultivator, are similar to those already described. The 
double-action haiTOws, which work to and fro without turning at the ends, 
and are most easily steered, take a breadth of 12^ feet. The drill, with 
12 coulters, taking a breadth of 8i feet, has a 2-wheeled fore-carriage for 
steering; and to each main wheel is fitted a small turntable or pivot-skid, 
which is brought under the wheel at pleasure by means of a lever-handle, so 
that whichever side wheel may form the pivot in turning round at the end of 
the field is centred for the time being upon the disc or turntable, and the 
movement is effected without tearing up or boring much into the soil. A set 
of harrows is attached by a draught-chain to a cross-bar at the rear of the drill ; 
and as the chain slides from end to end of the bar when the drill is turning 
round for the next journey, the harrows are drawn " on the quarter," always 
covering in the seed, with the exception of a few drill-rows left as a guide for 
the steersman. At the trial, turning the drill at the end occupied one minute. 
The sowing and harrowing operations were exceedingly well performed, and 
the manner of turning was admirable. One hand was required in addition to 
the usual "roundabout" force. On June 30th, the cultivator, with 3 tines in 
use, made fair work at Ih inches depth, with a very level bottom ; but the 
ground was not sufficiently broken up. The 4-furrow plough did some spe- 
cially good work at a depth of 74 inches, and also good digging, with a level 
bottom, at Ih inches depth. The harrowing was inferior work, tlie implement 
being too heavy for the soil operated on, and, indeed, more like a drag than a 
harrow. The reversal of the set of harrows at the end (or rather changing the 
