Farms and Villages. 
33 
nature of the house. Cottagers, even when they have water 
under pressure laid on, do not consume more than 5 gallons per 
head per day ; and when they have the trouble of pumping or 
raising from a draw-well, the consumption probably does not 
exceed 3 gallons per head per day. 
A rainfall of 24 inches on the roofs will yield about 12 gallons 
per square foot, measured on the flat, per annum. A pair of two- 
storied labourers' cottages, having a roof area of about 1150 square 
feet, would therefore yield on an average ^^^^ ^^'Jl',^}'^ galls. _ 
' 365 days 
38 gallons of water per day ; and if there be 10 inmates in the 
two houses, this would give nearly 4 gallons per head per day. 
The total annual rainfall would be 1150 square feet X 12 gallons = 
13,800 gallons, and the storage capacity should be one-sixth of 
that amount, or 2300 gallons, which would be contained in a 
tank 8 feet square, and 7^ feet deep. A contingent advantage of 
a large storage tank is, that it gives time for the water to get 
tolerably clear by subsidence, and, on this account, such tanks 
should be easily accessible for cleaning, as considerable quan- 
tities of solid matter will collect in the bottom. 
The storage-tank should be placed so as to be accessible from 
both houses. An obvious arrangement would be to raise the 
bottom about 18 inches above the ground, and insert a cock by 
which the water could be drawn off, the eaves-gutters being trained 
to discharge direct into the tank. I am afraid, however, that such 
convenience would lead to waste, and I would recommend the 
tank or cistern to be placed underground, made of brickwork, in 
the form of a perfectly water-tight well, 6 feet diameter, and 
15 feet deep, domed over and fitted with an ordinary lift-pump, 
by means of which the water could be raised as required at the 
expense of a little time and labour, wh|jch will effectually pre- 
vent waste. 
In such an arrangement, the tank should be placed at a little 
distance from the cottages, and quite beyond the reach of any 
offensive drainage soaking through the ground ; the pump might-, 
be quite near the house, and so arranged that the water slopping 
about it should not be able to get into the cistern again, 
A much more complete installation, however, would be to 
place the storage-tank as high as the eaves-gutters will allow, then 
arrange a sand filter about 15 inches square supplied from the 
tank by a J-in. ball-cock, and allow the filter to deliver, also by 
means of a ball-cock, into a service-tank holding about 20 gallons. 
This would allow the filter to run continuously night and day, 
and insure a supply of fairly clean and colourless water. This 
arrangement of filter is illustrated for a larger installation in 
Fig. 1. The outlay necessary to make the arrangements indi- 
VOL. XXIII. — 8. 8. D 
