Farms and Villages. 
65 
somewhat quickly\ but I am informed that, as now constructed, 
the defect 1 have pointed out is no longer a serious one, and that 
the parts liable to be burnt out are capable of being very quickly 
and cheaply renewed. 
Working under the same conditions as the steam-engine last 
described, namely, raising 2000 gallon* per day 16G feet high 
in 5 hours, assuming 50 per cent, duty and a consumption of 
4 lbs. of coke per indicated horse-power per hour, or 8 lbs. per 
horse-power of water lifted, the consumption of coke will be 
40 lbs. for the whole time that the engine is running, repre- 
senting a cost of 4^ pence for raising GOOO gallons, being at the 
very low rate of less than ^d. per 1000 gallons. The price of 
the smallest-sized motor, fixed, is about 56/., and larger sizes 
are proportionately dearer. 
The last source of power I will allude to, but by no means 
the least important, is ordinary illuminating gas, whether 
derived from the distillation of coal, oil, or petroleum. 
The gas-engine is now so well known that it is hardly necessary 
to describe it, but in vol. xiv. of the 'Journal,' pages 149-151, 
will be found a detailed account of the " Otto" silent gas-engine, 
the best of this class ; and again, in vol. xv., page 128, is another 
notice of the same engine, together with a description of two 
other machines belonging to the same category. 
Gas-engines of very small power are now made, and in places 
where illuminating gas is to be had their adoption presents no 
difficulties whatever, and even in country districts gas can be 
manufactured from oil at very low cost. In vol. xxii. of the 
'Journal,' page 561, the official reporter on the implements 
exhibited at Norwich states that the " Watford " Oil Apparatus, 
which was there employed to generate gas for six " Otto " engines, 
produced excellent illuminating gas for \s. 9</. per 1000 cubic 
ieet. There are many methods of generating suitable gases, 
such as simply drawing air through gasoline without the appli- 
cation of heat, but probably the gas derived from the distillation 
of oil will prove the cheapest. Messrs. Crossley Brothers manu- 
facture " Otto " gas-engines giving off as little as 1 horse 
effective power, and this " 5 man-power " engine, as it is called, 
costs about 52/. fixed, while an engine giving 4 horse-power 
costs about 156/. 
The consumption of gas, even in small engines, may be 
taken at 25 cubic feet per indicated horse-power per hour, and 
supposing the duty done in pumping to be only 50 per cent., the 
consumption of gas per horse-power of water lifted would be 
50 cubic feet per hour, and in the case we have been investigat- 
ing the 6000 gallons would be raised 166 feet in five hours by the 
VOL. XXIII. — S. S. F 
