Farms and Villages. 
69 
apply direct to those manufacturers who supply the class of 
machinery required. Such a course, I think, is likely to prove 
more satisfactory than seeking advice in the first instance from 
the makers of some special class of motor or pump, who will 
naturally be prone to recommend their own special wares, 
possibly in ignorance of other more excellent ways. 
The ' Journals ' of the Society afford, as the perusal of this 
paper will demonstrate, a vast fund of information on matters 
connected with this subject ; and the annual shows give un- 
rivalled opportunities for making inquiries into the latest 
improvements in water-supply machinery and motors, and 
for obtaining advice from the engineers or judges. I have 
confined myself entirely to the question of water-supply, but 
the choice of a motor will depend very much upon whether 
power is required for other purposes about a house or home- 
stead. Thus, for example, dairy work, chaff- and root-cutting, 
crushing, grinding, 6cc., can be performed before or after 
pumping. Electric lighting is now coming into great promi- 
nence, and may often determine the kind and power of motor to 
be adopted. Again, the Davey motor yields a supply of warm 
water which may often be useful, and can, for example, be 
applied to warming buildings, greenhouses, and other purposes, 
thus effecting a considerable economy. 
Perfectly wholesome water is often so much coloured that it 
is unfit to be placed on the table, and in such cases the 
domestic filter should be used. Dr. Voelcker, in the paper 
already referred to, describes several filters, and among them 
he draws especial attention to the Bischof spongy iron filter, 
which alone possesses the quality of permanence, that is, the 
water passing through it will always be benefited, not only in 
appearance, but in respect to chemical purity, no matter how 
long it may have been in use or how choked the iron may have 
become. In Vol. XX. of the 'Journal,' page 681, will be 
found a paper on purification of water by iron, which I had the 
honour of contributing, and in which the Bischof filter is 
figured and described. Inasmuch as the office of all filters is to 
remove impurities from water, it is evident that those im- 
purities must collect in the filters, and hence it follows that 
periodical cleaning or renewal of the filtering material is 
absolutely indispensable, and this is especially the case in the 
charcoal family of filters, in which neglect of this duty may 
render filtration not only useless; but actually harmful. 
