The Agriculture of Pembrokesfiire. 
87 
manures, will be a good average quantity per acre. The farm- 
vard-manure will be covered in the trench, and the artificial 
spread broadcast before the final ridging up. The ridges are 
about 27 inches apart for the turnips, swedes, and mangolds, 
and the seed is usually sown with an ordinary turnip-drill. 
When in rough leaf, they are hand-hoed and singled, the two 
operations being effected at the same time, after which one or 
two horse-hoeings usually complete the cultivation. !Many 
varieties of roots are grown, though the white turnip, purple- 
top swede, and hybrids, with the long red, and yellow globe 
mangolds, seem the favourites. The yield averages some 15 to 
2i.> tons of swedes, and 20 to 25 tons of mangolds. Many store 
their roots in clamps, or against a bank (fence), cover with 
straw and earth, and consume in due order of ripeness; but 
others, again, pull the swedes as required, only storing the 
mansolds. It is not usual to feed off a crop of turnips by 
hurdling sheep over them, although it is practised by a tew ; 
more often the turnips are given whole, scattered over the 
pasture daily, or cut for those cattle and sheep whose feeding 
requires to be hastened. Machines for cutting roots are very 
common. Some leave the tops to be ploughed in, while others 
give them, as well as the roots, to the cattle and sheep. 
Potatoes are grown in moderate quantity ; it is also customary 
for the surrounding cottagers to be allowed so many drills each 
in a field, on the condition that they find the necessary manure 
and labour of cultivation with the seed. 
Manures for potatoes vary much, thus : — farmyard-manure, 
sea-weed, compost of culm-ashes, the cleanings of the pig's-cot, 
with muck and house refuse, and sometimes some artificial. 
The sorts planted vary much, as also does the yield, which in 
some years, in consequence of the " blight, ' is very small in 
sound tubers. 
Rape is not much grown, as the harvest is too late to make 
a " catch crop " of it : if a piece of land is not ready in time to 
put in roots, this crop may be substituted, as it produces useful 
feed for sheep. 
Grass Seeds. — The seeds for ley complete the rotation. As 
before mentioned, these are commonly sown with barley, though 
land is sometimes laid down after spring wheat or oats. It is 
very customary now to purchase a ready-made mixture of grass- 
and clover-seeds, though farmers would do much better with 
this crop if they were more careful what they sowed. Italian rye- 
grass usually occupies much too prominent a position in these 
mijctures. After the corn is in and rolled, the grass-seeds are 
sown, either by hand or a " broadcast drill," and covered with 
the chain-harrow. 
